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@INPROCEEDINGS{Im:1050504,
      author       = {Im, Eunmi and Durmus, Yasin Emre and Tempel, Hermann and
                      Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{U}nveiling {I}ron-{S}lurry/{A}ir {B}atteries: {A} {H}ybrid
                      {A}pproach {I}ntegrating {I}ron-{A}ir and {F}low {B}attery
                      {S}ystems},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00272},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {BMBF 13XP0536B- Gekapselte Eisenmaterialien für
                      Eisen-Slurry/Luft-Akkumulatoren zur stationären
                      Energiespeicherung mit hoher Kapazität (02.2023-06.2026)},
      abstract     = {The increasing demand for renewable energy sources, such as
                      wind and solar, is driving the need for efficient and
                      sustainable energy storage systems. Among the promising
                      alternatives to conventional batteries, iron-air batteries
                      have gained significant attention due to their high energy
                      densities (2,500 WhL-1), intrinsic safety, environmental
                      friendliness, and reliance on abundant materials. However, a
                      key challenge with traditional iron-air batteries is the
                      solid iron electrode, where surface passivation caused by
                      oxidation products limits charge transport and leads to
                      extended formation cycles. Therefore, the development of
                      iron electrodes with a high loading of active material to
                      enhance storage capacity, while ensuring efficient charge
                      transport at practical current densities, is essential to
                      fully unlock the potential of iron-air batteries.This study
                      focuses on the investigation of iron-slurry/air battery
                      designed to combine the advantages of conventional iron-air
                      batteries with the design flexibility of flow batteries,
                      enabling independent control of energy capacity and power
                      output. Iron-coated carbon powder was initially synthesized
                      as an active material, where conductive carbon particles
                      facilitate electron transport. Key parameters such as iron
                      content (to maximize capacity) and slurry viscosity (to
                      ensure efficient flow and pumping) were optimized. The
                      synthesized slurry was then characterized using X-ray
                      diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, while
                      morphological and elemental analyses were conducted using
                      transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron
                      microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma-optical
                      emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Electrochemical behavior
                      was evaluated through open circuit potential (OCP), cyclic
                      voltammetry (CV), and chronopotentiometry (CP) measurements.
                      Based on these physical and electrochemical
                      characterizations, the optimized slurry formulation was
                      selected and mixed with an alkaline electrolyte (KOH
                      solution) to fabricate the iron slurry electrodes. A
                      proof-of-concept iron-slurry/air battery was demonstrated
                      for the first time, offering clear evidence of the
                      system’s practical viability. This demonstration provides
                      critical insight into the potential of slurry-based battery
                      systems and suggests a viable pathway towards enhanced
                      sustainability and efficiency in renewable energy storage
                      applications.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2025-09-07},
      organization  = {76th Annual meeting of the
                       International Society of
                       Electrochemistry, Mainz (Germany), 7
                       Sep 2025 - 12 Sep 2025},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {IET-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1050504},
}