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@INPROCEEDINGS{Liu:1050746,
      author       = {Liu, Jialiang and Fröhlich, Kristina and Karl, André and
                      Jodat, Eva and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{A}dhesion force analysis on {PEM} water electrolysis
                      materials},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00489},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE)
                      presents a promising solution for the direct integration of
                      hydrogen production with renewable solar or wind energy due
                      to its rapid response performance [1]. However, at high
                      current densities, the accumulation of gas products within
                      the catalyst layer can obstruct the connection between water
                      molecules and the catalyst in the Membrane Electrode
                      Assembly (MEA). This phenomenon leads to an increase of
                      overpotential, thereby reducing the overall efficiency of
                      electrochemical performance [2].Investigating the effect of
                      the surface structure and composition of the catalyst layer
                      on gas bubble adsorption can help to better understand and
                      to reduce this phenomenon. The adhesion force between the
                      gas bubble and the electrode can be used as a benchmark to
                      evaluate the ease of bubble detachment. Several previous
                      studies have explored this topic in other research fields,
                      for instance, Ren et al. demonstrate that a modification of
                      nickel electrode surfaces with nanocone structures increases
                      the surface roughness, thereby enhancing gas bubble
                      detachment and improving efficiency in high-rate alkaline
                      water splitting [3]. However, further in-depth investigation
                      is still needed in the field of PEMWE.In this work, we
                      present the results of adhesion force measurements performed
                      on proton conductive membranes, catalyst electrodes and
                      MEAs. Experiments were carried out with a tensiometer using
                      water and oxygen as analytes. It was shown that parameters
                      such as the membrane thickness, catalyst material, loading,
                      structure and different treatment procedures of the analyzed
                      sample can have a significant effect on the adhesion
                      force.Funding: This work was financially supported by the
                      Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF):
                      Wasserstoff - Leitprojekt H2Giga, Teilvorhaben DERIEL
                      (project number 03HY122C), SEGIWA (project number
                      03HY121B).[1] Wang, Y., Pang, Y., Xu, H., Martinez, A. $\&$
                      Chen, K. S. Energy Environ. Sci. 2022, 15, 2288–2328.[2]
                      Yuan, S. et al. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2023, 96,
                      101075.[3] Q. Ren, L. Feng, C. Ye, X. Xue, D. Lin, S.
                      Eisenberg, T. Kou, E. B. Duoss, C. Zhu and Y. Li, Adv.
                      Energy Mater. 2023, 13, 2302073.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2025-09-07},
      organization  = {76th Annual Meeting of the
                       International Society of
                       Electrochemistry, Mainz (Germany), 7
                       Sep 2025 - 12 Sep 2025},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {IET-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1050746},
}