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@PHDTHESIS{Glcker:1051606,
      author       = {Glücker, Philipp},
      title        = {{D}esign of {L}ocal {M}ulti-{E}nergy {S}ystems: {I}mpact of
                      {C}oupled {E}nergy {V}ector {I}ntegration and {G}rid
                      {S}ervice {P}articipation},
      volume       = {690},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00529},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-880-3},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {xxviii, 145},
      year         = {2026},
      note         = {Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2025},
      abstract     = {As the energy transition transforms power systems towards
                      decentralised systems dominated by renewable energy sources,
                      the electrification of other energy vectors drives the
                      development of integrated multi-energy systems (MESs),
                      especially at the local level. Local MESs coupling
                      electricity and heat can improve energy efficiency and
                      autonomy, reduce carbon emissions, and minimise transmission
                      losses by matching local generation and demand. However,
                      during the design stage of local MESs, the technical and
                      economic role of the coupled thermal vector, particularly
                      for system sizing and leveraging its flexibility capability
                      to provide ancillary services, remains unclear. This thesis
                      focuses on the optimal design of local MESs with coupled
                      electricity and heat. A two-stage stochastic optimisation
                      framework is developed which is adaptable and comprehensive,
                      allowing to study several important aspects of local MES
                      design: impact of component modelling choices on electrical
                      storage systems; impact of individual and interdependent
                      component sizing on technical system flexibility;
                      integration of ancillary services and their role on optimal
                      design; and uncertainty in future forecasting and market
                      prices. Moreover, a novel method was developed that allows
                      for constant flexibility calculation in relation to a
                      time-varying reference schedule. The framework is applied to
                      real-world case studies to provide techno-economic insights
                      in local MES design. The explicit modelling of the thermal
                      vector avoids oversizing of the battery energy storage
                      system (BESS) and reduces overall costs, highlighting the
                      importance of incorporating coupled energy vectors in
                      real-world electrical storage design. Moreover, the
                      developed framework enables constant flexibility provision
                      based on timevarying reference schedules, while accounting
                      for internal grid constraints via a convex relaxation, which
                      represents a suitable compromise between model accuracy and
                      computational tractability. This allows energy system
                      operators to assess the technical flexibility potential of
                      their MESs across multiple market products. Furthermore,
                      incorporating market participation for local MESs
                      demonstrates their ability to provide multiple grid
                      services, whose revenues shape the design of the BESS and
                      solar PV. Despite the thermal vector participating in
                      electricity markets, only modest oversizing of thermal
                      storage is profitable. Additionally, risk-neutral investment
                      positions favour large BESS capacities, while riskaverse
                      positions prefer smaller BESSs to limit high-cost tail risks
                      under uncertainty. Finally, the frameworks are adaptable to
                      be used by system planners of MESs in techno-economic design
                      studies, and can be extended to incorporate additional
                      energy vectors.},
      cin          = {ICE-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {1122 - Design, Operation and Digitalization of the Future
                      Energy Grids (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2026-00529},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1051606},
}