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@ARTICLE{Kiefel:1052068,
      author       = {Kiefel, Robert and Görtz, Jonas and Haß, Jan and
                      Walorski, Julius and Zimmer, Falk and Jupke, Andreas},
      title        = {{F}easibility assessment of a spray tower for gas-liquid
                      reactive precipitation in {CO}2 capture},
      journal      = {Carbon capture science $\&$ technology},
      volume       = {17},
      issn         = {2772-6568},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00738},
      pages        = {100509 -},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The industrial deployment of capture technologies for
                      purifying gases with low partial pressure (e.g., flue gas)
                      has been limited due to substantial economic hurdles.
                      Process intensification offers a pathway to enhance the cost
                      efficiency of sequestration. One approach that has garnered
                      significant attention is the process integration of
                      phase-change absorbents. Among these, bis(iminoguanidines)
                      have shown considerable promise in recent literature.
                      Particularly, glyoxal-bis(iminoguanidine) (GBIG) has
                      demonstrated the ability to precipitate with low
                      regeneration energy demand. However, GBIG and comparable
                      phase-change absorbents require the integration of alkaline
                      scrubbing with reactive precipitation in a single unit
                      operation (gas-liquid reactive precipitation), introducing
                      operational challenges such as scaling and clogging in
                      conventionally applied packed-bed columns. To mitigate these
                      issues, this study investigates the use of a spray tower as
                      a gas-liquid reactive precipitator for capture from a flue
                      gas surrogate. A pilot-scale spray tower is designed,
                      constructed, and operated. Contrary to expectations,
                      Rayleigh breakup of liquid jets induces a bimodal droplet
                      size distribution in the lower sections of the tower,
                      indicating limited scalability and highlighting the need for
                      liquid recycling. For comparative purposes, the
                      investigation includes a -precipitating system () and a
                      non-precipitating system (), alongside GBIG. All systems
                      demonstrate stable operability in single-pass and batch
                      modes. During liquid recycling, small amounts of solids are
                      entrained to the tower top. Nevertheless, no evidence of
                      scaling or clogging is detected at the orifice plate,
                      suggesting that the precipitated solids are significantly
                      smaller than the orifice diameter. In the final performance
                      comparison, the system demonstrates superior capture
                      efficiency relative to the system. However, achieving this
                      efficiency comes at the expense of process kinetics.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2172 - Utilization of renewable carbon and energy sources
                      and engineering of ecosystem functions (POF4-217) / BMBF
                      031B1135B - Modellregion, BioRevierPLUS: InBio,
                      Innovationscluster Integrierte Bioraffinerie, TP2
                      (031B1135B)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2172 / G:(BMBF)031B1135B},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100509},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1052068},
}