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@ARTICLE{Stock:1052084,
      author       = {Stock, Jan and Xhonneux, André and Müller, Dirk},
      title        = {{O}ptimisation of district heating network separation: {A}n
                      extended approach for partial transformation of large-scale
                      network structures},
      journal      = {Energy},
      volume       = {344},
      issn         = {0360-5442},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00752},
      pages        = {139737 -},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {The decentralisation of existing district heating systems
                      by network separation is a promising approach for district
                      heating transformation. A district heating network is
                      separated into several smaller district heating network
                      structures that can be individually adapted, e.g. in
                      relation to the existing network structure or concerning the
                      properties of the local buildings supplied, such as the
                      temperature requirements of their heating systems. In this
                      work, an approach for the optimal separation of existing
                      district heating networks is expanded, which enables the
                      decentralisation of a specific district heating system and
                      the partial transformation of the separated network
                      depending on the heat source utilised and the local district
                      heating system conditions. The approach first identifies
                      coherent network areas through community detection and
                      aggregation, then optimises network separation and the
                      installation of heat pumps, and finally evaluates the
                      arising district heating network systems through district
                      heating network simulations. The individual steps of this
                      approach are adapted to be applicable to large district
                      heating network structures, e.g. to handle the great number
                      of separation options. The approach is applied to two
                      existing district heating systems with over four thousand
                      buildings supplied. Two types of utilised waste heat sources
                      are investigated, a sewage plant with fluctuating
                      temperatures and an electrolyser with a dynamic operation
                      schedule. The results show favourable transformation
                      alternatives for existing district heating networks, as the
                      separated network areas are transformed by reducing supply
                      temperatures depending on the heat source potential utilised
                      and the temperature requirements of the buildings supplied.},
      cin          = {ICE-1},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {1122 - Design, Operation and Digitalization of the Future
                      Energy Grids (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.energy.2025.139737},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1052084},
}