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@INPROCEEDINGS{Schuh:1052316,
      author       = {Schuh, Vinzenz and Kaddar, Driss and Bähr, Antonia and
                      Bode, Mathis and Hasse, Christian and Nicolai, Hendrik},
      title        = {{A}n {E}xtended {A}rtificially {T}hickened {F}lame {M}odel
                      for {T}urbulent {H}ydrogen and {H}ydrogen-{E}nriched
                      {F}lames {W}ith {I}ntrinsic {I}nstabilities {U}nder {G}as
                      {T}urbine {R}elevant {C}onditions},
      publisher    = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00924},
      pages        = {11 p.},
      year         = {2025},
      comment      = {Volume 3A: Combustion, Fuels $\&$ Emissions :
                      [Proceedings]},
      booktitle     = {Volume 3A: Combustion, Fuels $\&$
                       Emissions : [Proceedings]},
      abstract     = {Hydrogen and hydrogen-blends with ammonia or natural gas
                      are cornerstones in the transition to future environmentally
                      friendly energy systems, such as gas turbines and
                      aero-engines. However, hydrogen’s unique characteristics
                      lead to intrinsic flame instabilities, resulting in an up to
                      sixfold increase in turbulent flame speeds under gas
                      turbine-relevant conditions compared to flames without
                      instabilities. These effects are not captured by current
                      combustion models, presenting a major barrier for
                      Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations. This study
                      addresses these limitations by developing an extension to
                      the widely used Artificially Thickened Flame (ATF) model,
                      validating it for wide operating conditions and applying it
                      to turbulent configurations. To this extent, over 200 direct
                      numerical simulations (DNS) of laminar planar flames are
                      analyzed, unraveling the characteristics of the enhanced
                      flame speed. The subsequently developed model is validated
                      across comprehensive variations in pressure (1 atm–20
                      atm), temperature (300 K–700 K), equivalence ratios ($Φ =
                      0.4–1.0$), and fuel compositions (pure $H_2$, pre-cracked
                      ammonia ($NH_3$/$H_2$/$N_2$) and hydrogen natural gas blends
                      ($CH_4$/$H_2$)) to ensure the model’s applicability for
                      technically relevant operating conditions. Additionally, the
                      model is transferred to turbulent conditions using Large
                      Eddy Simulations. For model validation, multiple
                      high-fidelity DNS of turbulent jet flames at various
                      conditions are performed. The advanced model shows excellent
                      agreement in a laminar configuration and significant
                      improvements in predicting turbulent flame speeds of the
                      turbulent jet flames compared to the state-of-the-art model.
                      By enhancing the widely used ATF model to account for
                      hydrogen characteristics, this study supports the further
                      development of efficient and environmentally friendly
                      hydrogen-powered energy systems.},
      month         = {Jun},
      date          = {2025-06-16},
      organization  = {ASME Turbo Expo 2025: Turbomachinery
                       Technical Conference and Exposition,
                       Memphis, Tennessee (USA), 16 Jun 2025 -
                       20 Jun 2025},
      cin          = {JSC},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5112 - Cross-Domain Algorithms, Tools, Methods Labs (ATMLs)
                      and Research Groups (POF4-511) / Inno4Scale - Innovative
                      Algorithms for Applications on European Exascale
                      Supercomputers (101118139)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5112 / G:(EU-Grant)101118139},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8 / PUB:(DE-HGF)7},
      doi          = {10.1115/GT2025-152452},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1052316},
}