001052353 001__ 1052353
001052353 005__ 20260123203315.0
001052353 037__ $$aFZJ-2026-00955
001052353 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMarkus, Schwarz$$b0
001052353 245__ $$aDevelopment of an Accelerated Stress Test for Fuel Cell Freeze Start Durability Validation Using Real-World Driving Data of Light-Duty FCEVs
001052353 260__ $$c2025
001052353 300__ $$a8
001052353 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$areport
001052353 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aREPORT
001052353 3367_ $$010$$2EndNote$$aReport
001052353 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Report
001052353 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aTECHREPORT
001052353 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)15$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aInternal Report$$bintrep$$mintrep$$s1769162889_20927
001052353 520__ $$aThe reliability and durability of vehicles are crucial for the acceptance of new technologies by customers. Realistic test methods are necessary to validate or ensure the lifespan of vehicles and their components, particularly regarding specific conditions such as freeze start. This article provides an overview of the current state of research on the effects of freeze starts on the degradation of fuel cells. With this knowledge, relevant operating and boundary conditions for potential damage of the fuel cell are identified (e.g. start temperature, duration in subzero operation, dehydration). The field data from the BMW demonstrator fleet of iX5 Hydrogen Next were analyzed to gain insights into realistic freeze start related stress to the fuel cells. The dynamics of heating rates and the influence of the operating strategy are best represented on a Fuel Cell System (FCS). An experimental setup for a stack centered test on a FCS was developed including a climatic chamber and a subzero coolant supply in this study. The identified automotive conditions could be implemented similarly and reproducibly for the stack. In total of 140 freeze starts with the start stack temperatures between - 7 °C and - 18 °C were performed. These test results and the vehicle data were compared, and the limitations of this accelerated stress test are stated. The advantage of this method is the feasibility to validate the lifetime regarding freeze starts within a period of 1-2 month in 24/7 operation. The occurred problems during test development and their solutions are also described, and suggestions for improvement for less damaging freeze starts process are given.
001052353 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231$$a1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123)$$cPOF4-123$$fPOF IV$$x0
001052353 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAlbert, Albert$$b1
001052353 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)156123$$aEichel, Rüdiger-A.$$b2$$ufzj
001052353 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:1052353$$pVDB
001052353 9101_ $$0I:(DE-HGF)0$$6P:(DE-HGF)0$$a BMW Group$$b0
001052353 9101_ $$0I:(DE-HGF)0$$6P:(DE-HGF)0$$a BMW Group$$b1
001052353 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)156123$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b2$$kFZJ
001052353 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)36225-6$$6P:(DE-Juel1)156123$$aRWTH Aachen$$b2$$kRWTH
001052353 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-123$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF4-120$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF4-100$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF4$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$9G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231$$aDE-HGF$$bForschungsbereich Energie$$lMaterialien und Technologien für die Energiewende (MTET)$$vChemische Energieträger$$x0
001052353 920__ $$lyes
001052353 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218$$kIET-1$$lGrundlagen der Elektrochemie$$x0
001052353 980__ $$aintrep
001052353 980__ $$aVDB
001052353 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218
001052353 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED