% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Riechers:1052666,
      author       = {Riechers, Keno and Morr, Andreas and Lehnertz, Klaus and
                      Lind, Pedro G. and Boers, Niklas and Witthaut, Dirk and
                      Gorjão, Leonardo Rydin},
      title        = {{D}iscontinuous stochastic forcing in {G}reenland ice core
                      data},
      journal      = {Climate dynamics},
      volume       = {63},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {0930-7575},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-01038},
      pages        = {465},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Paleoclimate proxy records from Greenland ice cores,
                      archiving e.g. d18O as a proxy for surface temperature, show
                      that sudden climatic shifts called Dansgaard–Oeschger
                      events (DO) occurred repeatedly during the last glacial
                      interval. They comprised substantial warming of the Arctic
                      region from cold to milder conditions. Concomitant abrupt
                      changes in the dust concentrations of the same ice cores
                      suggest that sudden reorganisations of the hemispheric-scale
                      atmospheric circulation have accompanied the warming events.
                      Genuine bistability of the North Atlantic climate system is
                      commonly hypothesised to explain the existence of stadial
                      (cold) and interstadial (milder) periods in Greenland.
                      However, the physical mechanisms that drove abrupt
                      transitions from the stadial to the interstadial state, and
                      more gradual yet still abrupt reverse transitions, remain
                      debated. Here, we conduct a one-dimensional data-driven
                      analysis of the Greenland temperature and atmospheric
                      circulation proxies under the purview of stochastic
                      processes. We take the Kramers–Moyal equation to estimate
                      each proxy’s drift and diffusion terms within a Markovian
                      model framework. We then assess noise contributions beyond
                      Gaussian white noise. The resulting stochastic differential
                      equation (SDE) models feature a monostable drift for the
                      Greenland temperature proxy and a bistable one for the
                      atmospheric circulation proxy. Indicators of discontinuity
                      in stochastic processes suggest to include higher-order
                      terms of the Kramers–Moyal equation when modelling the
                      Greenland temperature proxy’s evolution. This constitutes
                      a qualitative difference in the characteristics of the two
                      time series, which should be further investigated from the
                      standpoint of climate dynamics.},
      cin          = {ICE-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {1121 - Digitalization and Systems Technology for
                      Flexibility Solutions (POF4-112) / HDS LEE - Helmholtz
                      School for Data Science in Life, Earth and Energy (HDS LEE)
                      (HDS-LEE-20190612) / HGF-ZT-I-0029 - Helmholtz UQ:
                      Uncertainty Quantification - from data to reliable knowledge
                      (HGF-ZT-I-0029)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1121 / G:(DE-Juel1)HDS-LEE-20190612 /
                      G:(DE-Ds200)HGF-ZT-I-0029},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00382-025-07880-9},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1052666},
}