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@ARTICLE{Ammer:1052701,
      author       = {Ammer, Maximilian and Dürr, Stephan},
      title        = {{E}igenvalue based taste breaking of staggered,
                      {K}arsten-{W}ilczek, and {B}oriçi-{C}reutz fermions with
                      stout smearing in the {S}chwinger model},
      journal      = {Physical review / D},
      volume       = {111},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2470-0010},
      address      = {Ridge, NY},
      publisher    = {American Physical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-01058},
      pages        = {014511},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {In two spacetime dimensions staggered fermions are
                      minimally doubled, like Karsten-Wilczek and Boriçi-Creutz
                      fermions. A continuum eigenvalue is thus represented by a
                      pair of near-degenerate eigenvalues, with the splitting
                      $𝛿$quantifying the cutoff induced taste symmetry
                      breaking. We use the quenched Schwinger model to determine
                      the low-lying fermionic eigenvalues (with 0, 1 or 3 steps of
                      stout smearing) and analyze them in view of the global
                      topological charge $𝑞 ∈ℤ$of the gauge background. For
                      taste splittings pertinent to would-be zero modes, we find
                      asymptotic Symanzik scaling of the form $𝛿_{wzm}
                      ∝𝑎^2$with link smearing, and $𝛿_{wzm}
                      ∝𝑎$without, for each action. For taste splittings
                      pertinent to nontopological modes, staggered splittings
                      scale as $𝛿_{ntm} ∝𝑎^𝑝$(where $𝑝≃2$with
                      smearing and $𝑝 =1$without), while Karsten-Wilczek and
                      Boriçi-Creutz fermions scale as $𝛿_{ntm}
                      ∝𝑎$(regardless of the smearing level). Large
                      corrections are seen with smearing.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.111.014511},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1052701},
}