%0 Journal Article
%A DU, Tian
%A Dag, Hakan
%A Peng, Zijian
%A Englhard, Jonas
%A Barabash, Anastasia
%A Zhang, Handan
%A Zhang, Jiyun
%A Tan, Jiayi
%A Qiu, Shudi
%A Dong, Lirong
%A Wagner, Michael
%A Hauch, Jens
%A Guo, Fei
%A Kasian, Olga
%A Bachmann, Julien
%A Brabec, Christoph
%T Enhancing the viability of p-i-n perovskite solar cells with printable carbon cathode: Origin of polarity inversion
%J Joule
%V 10
%N 1
%@ 2542-4785
%C Amsterdam
%I Elsevier B.V.
%M FZJ-2026-01121
%P 102224 -
%D 2026
%X Printable rear electrodes represent a key enabling technology for the upscaling of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Carbon electrodes are appealing candidates widely employed in n-i-p (so-called “conventional”) architectures, but their integration into p-i-n (so-called “inverted”) architectures is prohibited by interfacial energetic mismatch. We address this challenge by introducing a tin oxide (SnOx) interlayer with desirable mechanical durability and n-doping level. We show in detail how the tailored interlayer converts carbon from a hole-collecting anode to an electron-collecting cathode and how the electron-extraction barrier is minimized, narrowing the efficiency gap between carbon (21.8%) and silver (24.0%) electrodes. The advancement results in a remarkably improved viability of the PSCs: a modest drop in efficiency is outweighed by a 3-fold improvement in projected operational lifetime (>8,000 h) and a 60% reduction in the bill of materials. These results underscore the potential of carbon as a cost-effective alternative to silver in the industrialization of p-i-n PSCs.
%F PUB:(DE-HGF)16
%9 Journal Article
%U <Go to ISI:>//WOS:001677017600001
%R 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102224
%U https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1052764