TY  - JOUR
AU  - DU, Tian
AU  - Dag, Hakan
AU  - Peng, Zijian
AU  - Englhard, Jonas
AU  - Barabash, Anastasia
AU  - Zhang, Handan
AU  - Zhang, Jiyun
AU  - Tan, Jiayi
AU  - Qiu, Shudi
AU  - Dong, Lirong
AU  - Wagner, Michael
AU  - Hauch, Jens
AU  - Guo, Fei
AU  - Kasian, Olga
AU  - Bachmann, Julien
AU  - Brabec, Christoph
TI  - Enhancing the viability of p-i-n perovskite solar cells with printable carbon cathode: Origin of polarity inversion
JO  - Joule
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SN  - 2542-4785
CY  - Amsterdam
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
M1  - FZJ-2026-01121
SP  - 102224 -
PY  - 2026
AB  - Printable rear electrodes represent a key enabling technology for the upscaling of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Carbon electrodes are appealing candidates widely employed in n-i-p (so-called “conventional”) architectures, but their integration into p-i-n (so-called “inverted”) architectures is prohibited by interfacial energetic mismatch. We address this challenge by introducing a tin oxide (SnOx) interlayer with desirable mechanical durability and n-doping level. We show in detail how the tailored interlayer converts carbon from a hole-collecting anode to an electron-collecting cathode and how the electron-extraction barrier is minimized, narrowing the efficiency gap between carbon (21.8%) and silver (24.0%) electrodes. The advancement results in a remarkably improved viability of the PSCs: a modest drop in efficiency is outweighed by a 3-fold improvement in projected operational lifetime (>8,000 h) and a 60% reduction in the bill of materials. These results underscore the potential of carbon as a cost-effective alternative to silver in the industrialization of p-i-n PSCs.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:001677017600001
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.joule.2025.102224
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1052764
ER  -