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@ARTICLE{Gierse:1052955,
      author       = {Gierse, Martin and Dagys, Laurynas and Keim, Michael and
                      Lucas, Sebastian and Josten, Felix and Plenio, Martin B. and
                      Schwartz, Ilai and Knecht, Stephan and Eills, James},
      title        = {{H}yperpolarizing {S}mall {M}olecules using {P}arahydrogen
                      and {S}olid‐{S}tate {S}pin {D}iffusion},
      journal      = {Angewandte Chemie / International edition},
      volume       = {63},
      number       = {34},
      issn         = {1433-7851},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-01305},
      pages        = {e202319341},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is an inexpensive
                      way to produce hyperpolarized molecules with polarization
                      levels of $>10 \%$ in the solution-state, but is strongly
                      limited in generality since it requires chemical reactions/
                      interactions with H2. Here we report a new method to widen
                      the scope of PHIP hyperpolarization: a source molecule is
                      produced via PHIP with high 13C polarization, and
                      precipitated out of solution together with a target species.
                      Spin diffusion within the solid carries the polarization
                      onto 13C spins of the target, which can then be dissolved
                      for solution-state applications. We name this method
                      PHIP-SSD (PHIP with solid-state spin diffusion) and
                      demonstrate it using PHIP-polarized [1-13C]-fumarate as the
                      source molecule, to polarize different 13C-labelled target
                      molecules. 13C polarizations of between 0.01 and $3 \%$
                      were measured on [1-13C]-benzoic acid, depending on the
                      molar ratio of fumarate:benzoate in the solid state. We also
                      show that PHIP-SSD does not require specific
                      co-crystallization conditions by grinding dry powders of
                      target molecules together with solid fumarate crystals, and
                      obtain 13C signal enhancements of between 100 and 200 on
                      [13C,15N2]-urea, [1-13C]-pyruvate, and [1-13C]-benzoic acid.
                      This approach appears to be a promising new strategy for
                      facile hyperpolarization based on PHIP.},
      cin          = {IBI-7},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-7-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1002/anie.202319341},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1052955},
}