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@ARTICLE{Hampel:1053033,
      author       = {Hampel, Niclas and Xhonneux, André and Müller, Dirk},
      title        = {{M}odel-{B}ased {D}esign and {O}perational {O}ptimization
                      of {HPC} {W}aste {H}eat {R}ecovery and {H}igh-{T}emperature
                      {A}quifer {T}hermal {E}nergy {S}torage in {E}xisting
                      {E}nergy {I}nfrastructures},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {1},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-01375},
      pages        = {1 -},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {The waste heat generated by high-performance computing
                      (HPC) represents an opportunity for advancing the
                      decarbonization of energy systems. Seasonal storage is
                      necessary to regulate the balance between waste heat
                      production and demand. High-temperature aquifer thermal
                      energy storage (HT-ATES) is a particularly well-suited
                      technology for this purpose due to its large storage
                      capacity. However, integrating HT-ATES into energy systems
                      for district heating is complex, affecting existing
                      components. Therefore, this study applies a bi-objective
                      mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming (MIQCP)
                      approach to optimize the energy system at Forschungszentrum
                      Jülich (FZJ) regarding total annualized costs (TAC) and
                      global warming impact (GWI). The exascale computer Jupiter,
                      which is hosted at FZJ, generates a substantial amount of
                      renewable waste heat that is suitable for integration into
                      district heating networks and seasonal storage. Case studies
                      show that HT-ATES integration into the investigated system
                      can reduce GWI by $20\%$ and increase TAC by $1\%$ compared
                      to the reference case. Despite increased TAC from
                      investments and heat pump (HP) operation, summer charging of
                      the HT-ATES remains flexible and cost-effective. An
                      idealized future scenario indicates that HT-ATES with a
                      storage capacity of 16,990 MWh and HPs could cover most of
                      the heating demand, reducing GWI by up to $91\%$ while TAC
                      increases by $6\%$ relative to the reference system.},
      cin          = {ICE-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {1122 - Design, Operation and Digitalization of the Future
                      Energy Grids (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.3390/esa3010001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1053033},
}