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@INPROCEEDINGS{Zhang:1053130,
      author       = {Zhang, Yikui and Hagan, Daniel and Miralles, Diego G. and
                      Goergen, Klaus and Kollet, Stefan},
      title        = {{C}ausal {D}ynamics of {L}and–{A}tmosphere {C}oupling
                      under {C}ompound {D}ry–{H}ot {E}vents},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-01463},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The increasing frequency and magnitude of compound
                      dry–hot events (CDHEs) pose significant risks to natural
                      and managed systems. While the role of land–atmosphere
                      coupling in determining the magnitude and evolution of CDHEs
                      has been highlighted, the causal interactions between
                      variables within the coupled system under external forcing
                      remain poorly understood. This study investigates the causal
                      relationships between soil moisture and 2m air temperature,
                      as well as between absorbed shortwave solar radiation and 2m
                      air temperature during CDHEs, based on information flow
                      theory. Using two fully coupled simulations with the
                      Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform (TSMP), one with and
                      one without irrigation, the information flow analysis
                      provides an interpretable framework to characterize the
                      spatiotemporal variability of the land–atmosphere coupling
                      strength in response to the perturbations such as CDHEs and
                      irrigation. The results show that concurrent dry and hot
                      conditions are characterized by temporal shifts in the
                      evaporative regime towards increased soil
                      moisture–temperature information flow driven by the shift
                      in surface energy partitioning, such that decreases in soil
                      moisture lead to increased temperatures. Meanwhile,
                      irrigation can significantly reduce the frequency and
                      magnitude of CDHEs by directly increasing soil moisture
                      variability and indirectly affecting surface energy fluxes,
                      and thus altering land–atmosphere coupling. However, the
                      impact of irrigation in Europe is predominantly local and
                      limited by the volumes applied. These findings highlight the
                      potential of targeted, region-specific irrigation strategies
                      to attenuate dry and hot extremes. In addition, the
                      information flow framework provides a robust and
                      interpretable tool for diagnosing the functional performance
                      of regional climate models under perturbations, offering new
                      insights for analyzing the impacts of human interventions on
                      the climate system and enhancing our understanding of
                      extreme hydroclimatic events in future studies.},
      month         = {Apr},
      date          = {2025-04-28},
      organization  = {EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna
                       (Austria), 28 Apr 2025 - 2 May 2025},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217) / SFB 1502 D02 - Simulation anthropogen bedingter
                      Veränderungen in regionalen Wasser- und Energiekreisläufen
                      (D02) (495897999)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173 / G:(GEPRIS)495897999},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      doi          = {10.5194/egusphere-egu25-7752},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1053130},
}