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@INPROCEEDINGS{Alizadeh:1053950,
      author       = {Alizadeh, Roghayeh and Raijmakers, Luc and Chayambuka,
                      Kudakwashe and Meier-Merziger, Jule and Durmus, Yasin Emre
                      and Tempel, Hermann and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{V}alidation of a {P}hysics-{B}ased {I}on {T}ransport
                      {M}odel for {I}onic {L}iquid {E}lectrolytes in
                      {A}luminum-{I}on {B}atteries},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-01627},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are promising energy storage
                      solutions due to their high energy density,
                      cost-effectiveness, and excellent safety attributed to
                      aluminum's stability. Despite these advantages, challenges
                      in electrolyte design and electrode optimization hinder
                      widespread commercialization. These challenges include oxide
                      film formation on the negative electrode [1], limited anion
                      diffusion causing localized depletion [2], and electrolyte
                      viscosity increase affecting IL conductivity during cycling
                      [3].Among the diverse electrolyte options for AIBs,
                      AlCl₃–[EMIm]Cl ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte emerges as
                      promising because it has a robust electrochemical stability,
                      is non-volatile, and inherently safe. Spectroscopic methods,
                      including NMR and Raman spectroscopy, have confirmed the
                      presence of critical AlCl₄⁻ and Al₂Cl₇⁻ ions in
                      this electrolyte. These ions affect crucially the batteries'
                      performance by presenting efficient ion transport [2, 4].
                      Therefore, advancing AIB technology requires a comprehensive
                      understanding of IL electrolyte behavior through
                      physics-based modeling and experimental validation is
                      essential. The present study focuses on validating a
                      physics-based Maxwell-Stefan model developed for ionic
                      transport in the AlCl₃–[EMIm]Cl ionic liquid electrolyte
                      used within symmetrical Al-ion cells. Key parameters that
                      cannot be directly measured, including ionic diffusion
                      coefficients and electrolyte conductivity, are obtained
                      through mathematical optimization by fitting model
                      simulations to experimental data. The validated model is
                      then applied to gain deeper insight into ion transport
                      dynamics and to guide electrolyte design optimization.Fig.
                      1a shows the comparison between a measured (blue symbols)
                      and simulated (red line) voltage profile under an applied
                      constant current pulse (orange line) of 10 min to a
                      symmetric Al/Al cell with an AlCl₃–[EMIm]Cl IL. The
                      simulation results demonstrate the model's capability to
                      replicate real-cell performance accurately. The model is
                      also able to highlight insights into the different loss
                      processes in the IL, differentiating diffusion, migration,
                      and Ohmic losses, shown in Fig. 1b. This comprehensive
                      analysis reveals the electrolyte dynamics both during
                      current loading and relaxation conditions. The parameterized
                      electrolyte model developed in this work is a crucial first
                      step toward full-cell AIB models.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2025-09-07},
      organization  = {76th Annual Meeting of International
                       Society of Electrochemistry, Mainz
                       (Germany), 7 Sep 2025 - 13 Sep 2025},
      subtyp        = {Extended abstract},
      cin          = {IET-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / BMBF 13XP0530B
                      - ALIBES: Aluminium-Ionen Batterie für Stationäre
                      Energiespeicher (13XP0530B) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(BMBF)13XP0530B /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)Nanolab-05-20200101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1053950},
}