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@ARTICLE{Tsigaras:1053974,
      author       = {Tsigaras, Thanos and Dukart, Juergen and Oldham, Stuart and
                      Eickhoff, Simon B and Paquola, Casey},
      title        = {{D}isentangling the influences of pre- and postnatal
                      periods on human cortical microstructure},
      journal      = {bioRxiv beta},
      address      = {Cold Spring Harbor},
      publisher    = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-01650},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {During late gestation and early postnatal development a
                      combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors drive the
                      maturation of the human cortex. This process is regionally
                      heterogeneous, with cortical areas developing at different
                      paces and trajectories. Leveraging submillimetre
                      T1-weighted/T2w-weighted (T1w/T2w) magnetic resonance
                      imaging (MRI) from pre- and full-term neonates (n = 599, 0-7
                      weeks), we sampled intracortical microstructure profiles
                      across the cortex and characterised the profiles’ shapes
                      according to their central moments. We found that
                      gestational age at birth dominated the effects on early
                      cortical development, with significant, global increases in
                      microstructural density, increasing intracortical
                      homogeneity and a bimodal change of the microstructural
                      balance between superficial and deeper cortical layers. On
                      the other hand, weeks since birth (i.e. postnatal age)
                      exhibited different effects on microstructure, with density
                      increasing at a slower pace, increasing intracortical
                      heterogeneity, and intracortical balance only shifting
                      towards deeper layers in posterior temporal, occipital,
                      medial parietal areas and some prefrontal areas. These
                      effects align with low spatial-frequency geometric
                      eigenmodes of the human cortex, specifically the
                      anterior-posterior, superior-inferior and central-polar
                      axes. Our findings demonstrate that separating prenatal from
                      postnatal influences, and analysing intracortical profiles
                      rather than macroscale features, provides finer-grained
                      insights into how human cortical microstructure changes
                      during perinatal development and lays the groundwork for
                      investigating the biological underpinnings that govern
                      normative cortical maturation.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525) / DFG project G:(GEPRIS)524408221 -
                      Mikrostrukturelle Entwicklung des Gehirns: Den Ursprüngen
                      höherer menschliche Kognition auf der Spur (524408221)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251 / G:(GEPRIS)524408221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      doi          = {10.1101/2025.08.12.669812},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1053974},
}