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| Home > Publications database > Direct subcycle momentum-resolved observation of Landau-Zener-Majorana transitions in lightwave-driven graphene |
| Contribution to a conference proceedings | FZJ-2026-02761 |
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2026
SPIE
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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1117/12.3099485
Abstract: Understanding electron motion driven by the carrier field of light is central to the development of lightwave electronics. In this work, we directly observe field-driven Landau-Zener-Majorana transitions in graphene with sub-cycle band-structure videography. Our experimental approach combines photoemission momentum microscopy with strong phase-stable few-cycle mid-infrared pump pulses and ultrashort extreme-ultraviolet probe pulses, enabling field-resolved measurements of carrier dynamics throughout the entire Brillouin zone. Time-resolved measurements around a Dirac point of graphene reveal the evolution of the electron distribution during the optical cycle: carriers accelerate away from the Fermi level and are displaced along the Dirac cone. This creates an asymmetric occupation which generates an ultrafast current. The transient two-dimensional carrier distribution encodes the signature of Landau-Zener-Majorana transitions and uncovers electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering pathways. Access to the full two-dimensional momentum space with subcycle resolution provides key insights into the physical phenomena dictating coherent light–matter interaction. This methodology opens new opportunities for exploring strong-field phenomena in solids, including inter- and intraband dynamics, Bloch oscillations, and Floquet-Bloch states.
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