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@ARTICLE{Singh:10735,
      author       = {Singh, R. and Lee, P.D. and Lindley, T.C. and Hellmich, C
                      and Bram, M. and Imwinkelried, T. and Dashwood, R.J.},
      title        = {{C}haracterization of the deformation behavior of
                      intermediate porosity interconnected {T}i foams using
                      micro-computed tomography and direct finite element
                      modelling},
      journal      = {Acta biotechnologica},
      volume       = {6},
      issn         = {0138-4988},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Wiley VCH},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-10735},
      pages        = {2342 - 2351},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {The authors acknowledge the useful discussions and
                      assistance of R.C. Atwood and R. Hamilton with the mu CT
                      studies. Andreas Fritsch (Technische Universitat Wien) is
                      gratefully acknowledged for his assistance with the
                      continuum micromechanics modeling. We thank the European
                      Synchrotron Radiation Facility for the provision of
                      synchrotron radiation facilities and especially the team of
                      beam line ID19. We would also like to thank the EPSRC
                      (GR/T26344) for support for the computational facilities and
                      one of the authors (R.S.) gratefully acknowledges financial
                      support from the EC under a Marie Curie Fellowship Grant.},
      abstract     = {Under load-bearing conditions metal-based foam scaffolds
                      are currently the preferred choice as bone/cartilage
                      implants. In this study X-ray micro-computed tomography was
                      used to discretize the three-dimensional structure of a
                      commercial titanium foam used in spinal fusion devices.
                      Direct finite element modeling, continuum micromechanics and
                      analytical models of the foam were employed to characterize
                      the elasto-plastic deformation behavior. These results were
                      validated against experimental measurements, including
                      ultrasound and monotonic and interrupted compression
                      testing. Interrupted compression tests demonstrated
                      localized collapse of pores unfavorably oriented with
                      respect to the loading direction at many isolated locations,
                      unlike the Ashby model, in which pores collapse row by row.
                      A principal component analysis technique was developed to
                      quantify the pore anisotropy which was then related to the
                      yield stress anisotropy, indicating which isolated pores
                      will collapse first. The Gibson-Ashby model was extended to
                      incorporate this anisotropy by considering an orthorhombic,
                      rather than a tetragonal, unit cell. It is worth noting that
                      the natural bone is highly anisotropic and there is a need
                      to develop and characterize anisotropic implants that mimic
                      bone characteristics.},
      keywords     = {Biocompatible Materials: chemistry / Computer Simulation /
                      Elastic Modulus / Finite Element Analysis / Gases: chemistry
                      / Hardness / Materials Testing / Models, Chemical / Stress,
                      Mechanical / Titanium: chemistry / Tomography, X-Ray
                      Computed: methods / Biocompatible Materials (NLM Chemicals)
                      / Gases (NLM Chemicals) / Titanium (NLM Chemicals) / J
                      (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEF-1},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB809},
      pnm          = {Rationelle Energieumwandlung},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK402},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Biomedical / Materials Science, Biomaterials},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:19961958},
      UT           = {WOS:000278250100055},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.actbio.2009.11.032},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/10735},
}