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@ARTICLE{Keitel:10805,
      author       = {Keitel, V. and Görg, B. and Bidmon, H.J. and Zemtsova, I.
                      and Sporner, L. and Zilles, K. and Häussinger, D.},
      title        = {{T}he bile acid receptor {TGR}5 ({G}pbar-1) acts as a
                      neurosteroid receptor in brain},
      journal      = {Glia},
      volume       = {58},
      issn         = {0894-1491},
      address      = {Bognor Regis [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-10805},
      pages        = {1794 - 1805},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {Grant sponsor: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through
                      Sonderforschungsbereich 575 Dusseldorf "Experimental
                      Hepatology.".},
      abstract     = {TGR5 (Gpbar-1) is a membrane-bound bile acid receptor in
                      the gastrointestinal tract and immune cells with pleiotropic
                      actions. As shown in the present study, TGR5 is also
                      expressed in astrocytes and neurons. Here, TGR5 may act as a
                      neurosteroid receptor, which is activated by nanomolar
                      concentrations of 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one and micromolar
                      concentrations of 5β-pregnan-3α-17α-21-triol-20-one and
                      5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (allopregnanolone). TGR5
                      stimulation in astrocytes and neurons is coupled to
                      adenylate cyclase activation, elevation of intracellular
                      Ca(2+) and the generation of reactive oxygen species. In
                      cultured rat astrocytes, TGR5 mRNA is downregulated in the
                      presence of neurosteroids and ammonia already at
                      concentrations of 0.5 mmol L(-1). Furthermore, TGR5 protein
                      levels are significantly reduced in isolated rat astrocytes
                      after incubation with ammonia. A marked downregulation of
                      TGR5 mRNA is also found in cerebral cortex from cirrhotic
                      patients dying with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) when
                      compared with brains from noncirrhotic control subjects. It
                      is concluded that TGR5 is a novel neurosteroid receptor in
                      brain with implications for the pathogenesis of HE.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Animals, Newborn / Astrocytes: drug effects /
                      Astrocytes: metabolism / Brain: cytology / Brain: metabolism
                      / CREB-Binding Protein: metabolism / Calcium: metabolism /
                      Cells, Cultured / Cholagogues and Choleretics: pharmacology
                      / Coculture Techniques / Cyclic AMP: metabolism /
                      Dose-Response Relationship, Drug / Forskolin: pharmacology /
                      Gene Expression Regulation: drug effects / Gene Expression
                      Regulation: physiology / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein:
                      metabolism / Humans / Luminescent Proteins /
                      Microtubule-Associated Proteins: metabolism / Neurons: drug
                      effects / Neurons: metabolism / Neurotransmitter Agents:
                      pharmacology / RNA, Messenger: metabolism / Rats / Rats,
                      Wistar / Reactive Oxygen Species: metabolism / Receptors,
                      G-Protein-Coupled: antagonists $\&$ inhibitors / Receptors,
                      G-Protein-Coupled: genetics / Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled:
                      physiology / Statistics, Nonparametric / Taurolithocholic
                      Acid: pharmacology / Transfection: methods / Cholagogues and
                      Choleretics (NLM Chemicals) / Crebbp protein, rat (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (NLM Chemicals)
                      / Gpbar1 protein, rat (NLM Chemicals) / Luminescent Proteins
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Microtubule-Associated Proteins (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Mtap2 protein, rat (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Neurotransmitter Agents (NLM Chemicals) / RNA, Messenger
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Reactive Oxygen Species (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Taurolithocholic Acid (NLM Chemicals) / Cyclic AMP (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Forskolin (NLM Chemicals) / Calcium (NLM
                      Chemicals) / CREB-Binding Protein (NLM Chemicals) / J
                      (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-2 / JARA-BRAIN},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406 / $I:(DE-82)080010_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Funktion und Dysfunktion des Nervensystems (FUEK409) /
                      89571 - Connectivity and Activity (POF2-89571)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK409 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89571},
      shelfmark    = {Neurosciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:20665558},
      UT           = {WOS:000284060900003},
      doi          = {10.1002/glia.21049},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/10805},
}