TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolters, A.
AU  - Linnemann, V.
AU  - van de Zande, J.C.
AU  - Vereecken, H.
TI  - Field experiment on spray drift: Deposition and airborne drift during application to a winter wheat crop
JO  - The science of the total environment
VL  - 405
SN  - 0048-9697
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
PB  - Elsevier Science
M1  - PreJuSER-1090
SP  - 269 - 277
PY  - 2008
N1  - Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012
AB  - A field experiment was performed to evaluate various techniques for measuring spray deposition and airborne drift during spray application to a winter wheat crop. The application of a spraying agent containing the fluorescent dye Brilliant Sulfo Flavine by a conventional boom sprayer was done according to good agricultural practice. Deposition was measured by horizontal collectors in various arrangements in and outside the treated area. Airborne spray drift was measured both with a passive and an active air collecting system. Spray deposits on top of the treated canopy ranged between 68 and 71% of the applied dose and showed only small differences for various arrangements of the collectors. Furthermore, only small variations were measured within the various groups of collectors used for these arrangements. Generally, the highest spray deposition outside the treated area was measured close to the sprayed plot and was accompanied by a high variability of values, while a rapid decline of deposits was detected in more remote areas. Estimations of spray deposits with the IMAG Drift Calculator were in accordance with experimental findings only for areas located at a distance of 0.5-4.5 m from the last nozzle, while there was an overestimation of a factor of 4 at a distance of 2.0-3.0 m, thus revealing a high level of uncertainty of the estimation of deposition for short distances. Airborne spray drift measured by passive and active air collecting systems was approximately at the same level, when taking into consideration the collector efficiency of the woven nylon wire used as sampling material for the passive collecting system. The maximum value of total airborne spray drift for both spray applications (0.79% of the applied dose) was determined by the active collecting system. However, the comparatively high variability of measurements at various heights above the soil by active and passive collecting systems revealed need for further studies to elucidate the spatial pattern of airborne spray drift.
KW  - Air Movements
KW  - Air Pollutants: analysis
KW  - Environmental Monitoring
KW  - Pest Control: instrumentation
KW  - Pest Control: methods
KW  - Triticum
KW  - Air Pollutants (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:18723207
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000260941300028
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.060
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1090
ER  -