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@ARTICLE{Wolters:1090,
      author       = {Wolters, A. and Linnemann, V. and van de Zande, J.C. and
                      Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{F}ield experiment on spray drift: {D}eposition and
                      airborne drift during application to a winter wheat crop},
      journal      = {The science of the total environment},
      volume       = {405},
      issn         = {0048-9697},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-1090},
      pages        = {269 - 277},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {A field experiment was performed to evaluate various
                      techniques for measuring spray deposition and airborne drift
                      during spray application to a winter wheat crop. The
                      application of a spraying agent containing the fluorescent
                      dye Brilliant Sulfo Flavine by a conventional boom sprayer
                      was done according to good agricultural practice. Deposition
                      was measured by horizontal collectors in various
                      arrangements in and outside the treated area. Airborne spray
                      drift was measured both with a passive and an active air
                      collecting system. Spray deposits on top of the treated
                      canopy ranged between 68 and $71\%$ of the applied dose and
                      showed only small differences for various arrangements of
                      the collectors. Furthermore, only small variations were
                      measured within the various groups of collectors used for
                      these arrangements. Generally, the highest spray deposition
                      outside the treated area was measured close to the sprayed
                      plot and was accompanied by a high variability of values,
                      while a rapid decline of deposits was detected in more
                      remote areas. Estimations of spray deposits with the IMAG
                      Drift Calculator were in accordance with experimental
                      findings only for areas located at a distance of 0.5-4.5 m
                      from the last nozzle, while there was an overestimation of a
                      factor of 4 at a distance of 2.0-3.0 m, thus revealing a
                      high level of uncertainty of the estimation of deposition
                      for short distances. Airborne spray drift measured by
                      passive and active air collecting systems was approximately
                      at the same level, when taking into consideration the
                      collector efficiency of the woven nylon wire used as
                      sampling material for the passive collecting system. The
                      maximum value of total airborne spray drift for both spray
                      applications $(0.79\%$ of the applied dose) was determined
                      by the active collecting system. However, the comparatively
                      high variability of measurements at various heights above
                      the soil by active and passive collecting systems revealed
                      need for further studies to elucidate the spatial pattern of
                      airborne spray drift.},
      keywords     = {Air Movements / Air Pollutants: analysis / Environmental
                      Monitoring / Pest Control: instrumentation / Pest Control:
                      methods / Triticum / Air Pollutants (NLM Chemicals) / J
                      (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / JARA-ENERGY / JARA-SIM},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$ /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)VDB1045},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:18723207},
      UT           = {WOS:000260941300028},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.060},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1090},
}