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@ARTICLE{Schwartz:111951,
      author       = {Schwartz, N. and Huisman, J.A. and Furman, A.},
      title        = {{T}he effect of {NAPL} on the electrical properties of
                      unsaturated porous media},
      journal      = {Geophysical journal international},
      volume       = {188},
      issn         = {0956-540X},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-111951},
      pages        = {1007 - 1011},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {This research was supported in part by the Israel Science
                      Foundation (grant 381/09) and by the Umbrella cooperation
                      (Technion, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum
                      Julich). We are also grateful for the assistance of Odilia
                      Esser (IBG 3).},
      abstract     = {The spectral induced polarization signature of porous media
                      contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) was
                      studied. Using an accurate measurement system, the complex
                      electrical conductivity of unsaturated porous media
                      contaminated with either diesel fuel or motor oil at a
                      constant water saturation was determined. Counter
                      intuitively, the results show that replacing air with NAPL
                      increases the real part of the complex conductivity of
                      unsaturated porous media. We interpret the results in terms
                      of electrochemical polarization, and suggest that polar
                      compounds contained in the NAPL adsorb to the mineral
                      surface leading to release of inorganic ions to the pore
                      water, which affects both the fluid and surface
                      conductivity. In addition, we observed a decrease in the
                      polarization followed by further addition of NAPL, which we
                      relate to a lower mobility of the adsorbed polar compound.
                      This study allows a better understanding of the electrical
                      signature of NAPL contaminated porous media, especially in
                      variably saturated conditions.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Geochemistry $\&$ Geophysics},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000300567400017},
      doi          = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05332.x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/111951},
}