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@ARTICLE{Yang:11236,
      author       = {Yang, Y. and Marceau, V. and Gompper, G.},
      title        = {{S}warm behavior of self-propelled rods and swimming
                      flagella},
      journal      = {Physical review / E},
      volume       = {82},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1539-3755},
      address      = {College Park, Md.},
      publisher    = {APS},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-11236},
      pages        = {031904},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {We thank Jens Elgeti and Roland Winkler for stimulating
                      discussions. Y.Y. acknowledges support by the International
                      Helmholtz Research School on Biophysics and Soft Matter
                      (IHRS BioSoft). V. M. is grateful to the RISE program of the
                      DAAD (Germany) and to NSERC (Canada) for financial support.
                      This work was supported in part by the VW foundation through
                      the program "Computational Soft Matter and Biophysics."},
      abstract     = {Systems of self-propelled particles are known for their
                      tendency to aggregate and to display swarm behavior. We
                      investigate two model systems: self-propelled rods
                      interacting via volume exclusion and sinusoidally beating
                      flagella embedded in a fluid with hydrodynamic interactions.
                      In the flagella system, beating frequencies are Gaussian
                      distributed with a nonzero average. These systems are
                      studied by Brownian-dynamics simulations and by mesoscale
                      hydrodynamics simulations, respectively. The clustering
                      behavior is analyzed as the particle density and the
                      environmental or internal noise are varied. By
                      distinguishing three types of cluster-size probability
                      density functions, we obtain a phase diagram of different
                      swarm behaviors. The properties of clusters such as their
                      configuration, lifetime, and average size are analyzed. We
                      find that the swarm behavior of the two systems,
                      characterized by several effective power laws, is very
                      similar. However, a more careful analysis reveals several
                      differences. Clusters of self-propelled rods form due to
                      partially blocked forward motion and are therefore typically
                      wedge shaped. At higher rod density and low noise, a giant
                      mobile cluster appears, in which most rods are mostly
                      oriented toward the center. In contrast, flagella become
                      hydrodynamically synchronized and attract each other; their
                      clusters are therefore more elongated. Furthermore, the
                      lifetime of flagella clusters decays more quickly with
                      cluster size than of rod clusters.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IFF-2 / IAS-2 / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB782 / I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-2-20090406 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {BioSoft: Makromolekulare Systeme und biologische
                      Informationsverarbeitung},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK505},
      shelfmark    = {Physics, Fluids $\&$ Plasmas / Physics, Mathematical},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000281873100002},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevE.82.031904},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11236},
}