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@ARTICLE{Steelman:11378,
author = {Steelman, C.M. and Endres, A.L. and van der Kruk, J.},
title = {{F}ield observations of shallow freeze and thaw processes
using high-frequency ground-penetrating radar},
journal = {Hydrological processes},
volume = {24},
issn = {0885-6087},
address = {New York, NY},
publisher = {Wiley},
reportid = {PreJuSER-11378},
pages = {2022 - 2033},
year = {2010},
note = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
abstract = {We have used reflection profiles and common-midpoint (CMP)
soundings with 900 MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to
monitor freezing and thawing processes during winter
seasonal periods at two separate sites located in Ontario,
Canada. GPR responds to the large contrast in dielectric
permittivity between liquid water and ice. The profiles
reveal the long-term development of a very shallow (<0.5 m)
soil frost zone overlying unfrozen wet substratum. During
the course of the winter season, long-term travel time
analysis yielded physical properties of the frozen and
unfrozen layers as well as the spatial distribution of the
base of the soil frost zone. Short-term shallow thawing
events overlying frozen substratum formed a dispersive
waveguide for both the CMP and reflection profile surveys.
Inversion of the dispersive wavefields for the CMP data
yielded physical property estimates for the thawed and
frozen soils and thawed layer thickness. We have shown that
GPR can be used to monitor very shallow freezing and thawing
events by responding to changes in the relative dielectric
permittivity of the soil water phase (e. g. liquid water vs
ice). The non-invasive collection of such data permits
interpretation of dynamic temporal and spatial freeze-thaw
events, which are important for characterizing a range of
hydrological processes. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley $\&$
Sons, Ltd.},
keywords = {J (WoSType)},
cin = {ICG-4},
ddc = {550},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793},
pnm = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
pid = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
shelfmark = {Water Resources},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
UT = {WOS:000280140700011},
doi = {10.1002/hyp.7688},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11378},
}