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@ARTICLE{Bogena:11423,
      author       = {Bogena, H. R. and Herbst, M. and Huisman, J. A. and
                      Rosenbaum, U. and Weuthen, A. and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{P}otential of wireless sensor networks for measuring soil
                      water content variability},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-11423},
      pages        = {1002 - 1013},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the SFB/TR32
                      "Pattern in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring,
                      Modelling, and Data Assimilation" funded by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and by TERENO "Terrestrial
                      Environmental Observatories" funded by the Federal Ministry
                      of Education and Research (BMBF).},
      abstract     = {Soil water content (SWC) plays a key role in partitioning
                      water and energy fluxes at the land surface and in
                      controlling hydrologic fluxes such as groundwater recharge.
                      Despite the importance of SWC, it is not yet measured in an
                      operational way at larger scales. The aim of this study was
                      to investigate the potential of wireless sensor network
                      technology for the near-real-time monitoring of SWC at the
                      field and headwater catchment scales using the recently
                      developed wireless sensor network SoilNet. The forest
                      catchment Wustebach (similar to 27 ha) was instrumented with
                      150 end devices and 600 EC-5 SWC sensors from the ECH2O
                      series by Decagon Devices. In the period between August and
                      November 2009, more than six million SWC measurements were
                      obtained. The observed spatial variability corresponded well
                      with results from previous studies. The very low scattering
                      in the plots of mean SWC against SWC variance indicates that
                      the sensor network data provide a more accurate estimate of
                      SWC variance than discontinuous data from measurement
                      campaigns, due, e. g., to fixed sampling locations and
                      permanently installed sensors. The spatial variability in
                      SWC at the 50-cm depth was significantly lower than at 5 cm,
                      indicating that the longer travel time to this depth reduced
                      the spatial variability of SWC. Topographic features showed
                      the strongest correlation with SWC during dry periods,
                      indicating that the control of topography on the SWC pattern
                      depended on the soil water status. Interpolation results
                      indicated that the high sampling density allowed capture of
                      the key patterns of SWC variation.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Soil Science / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000287739800017},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2009.0173},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11423},
}