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000011663 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1021/es100648j
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000011663 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0013-936X
000011663 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1520-5851
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000011663 041__ $$aeng
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000011663 084__ $$2WoS$$aEngineering, Environmental
000011663 084__ $$2WoS$$aEnvironmental Sciences
000011663 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBauser, G.$$b0
000011663 245__ $$aReal-time management of an urban groundwater well field threatened by pollution
000011663 260__ $$aColumbus, Ohio$$bAmerican Chemical Society$$c2010
000011663 300__ $$a6802 - 6807
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000011663 440_0 $$01865$$aEnvironmental Science and Technology$$v44$$x0013-936X$$y17
000011663 500__ $$aThe study was performed within the project "Real-time control of a well-field using a groundwater model", a cooperation between ETH Zurich, Zurich Water Supply, and TK Consult Zurich. This project was funded by the Swiss Commission for Technical Innovation CTI under Contract No. 7608.2 EPRP-IW. The author gratefully acknowledges the doctoral scholarship granted by the German National Academic Foundation.
000011663 520__ $$aWe present an optimal real-time control approach for the management of drinking water well fields. The methodology is applied to the Hardhof field in the city of Zurich, Switzerland, which is threatened by diffuse pollution. The risk of attracting pollutants is higher if the pumping rate is increased and can be reduced by increasing artificial recharge (AR) or by adaptive allocation of the AR. The method was first tested in offline simulations with a three-dimensional finite element variably saturated subsurface flow model for the period January 2004-August 2005. The simulations revealed that (1) optimal control results were more effective than the historical control results and (2) the spatial distribution of AR should be different from the historical one. Next, the methodology was extended to a real-time control method based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter method, using 87 online groundwater head measurements, and tested at the site. The real-time control of the well field resulted in a decrease of the electrical conductivity of the water at critical measurement points which indicates a reduced inflow of water originating from contaminated sites. It can be concluded that the simulation and the application confirm the feasibility of the real-time control concept.
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000011663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCities
000011663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aComputer Simulation
000011663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSoil: analysis
000011663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSwitzerland
000011663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aTime Factors
000011663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aWater Pollution: analysis
000011663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aWater Supply: analysis
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000011663 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)138662$$aHendricks-Franssen, H.-J.$$b1$$uFZJ
000011663 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aStauffer, F.$$b2
000011663 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB94964$$aKaiser, H.P.$$b3$$uFZJ
000011663 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKuhlmann, U.$$b4
000011663 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKinzelbach, W.$$b5
000011663 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1465132-4$$a10.1021/es100648j$$gVol. 44, p. 6802 - 6807$$p6802 - 6807$$q44<6802 - 6807$$tEnvironmental Science & Technology$$v44$$x0013-936X$$y2010
000011663 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es100648j
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