TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauser, G.
AU  - Hendricks-Franssen, H.-J.
AU  - Stauffer, F.
AU  - Kaiser, H.P.
AU  - Kuhlmann, U.
AU  - Kinzelbach, W.
TI  - Real-time management of an urban groundwater well field threatened by pollution
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
VL  - 44
SN  - 0013-936X
CY  - Columbus, Ohio
PB  - American Chemical Society
M1  - PreJuSER-11663
SP  - 6802 - 6807
PY  - 2010
N1  - The study was performed within the project "Real-time control of a well-field using a groundwater model", a cooperation between ETH Zurich, Zurich Water Supply, and TK Consult Zurich. This project was funded by the Swiss Commission for Technical Innovation CTI under Contract No. 7608.2 EPRP-IW. The author gratefully acknowledges the doctoral scholarship granted by the German National Academic Foundation.
AB  - We present an optimal real-time control approach for the management of drinking water well fields. The methodology is applied to the Hardhof field in the city of Zurich, Switzerland, which is threatened by diffuse pollution. The risk of attracting pollutants is higher if the pumping rate is increased and can be reduced by increasing artificial recharge (AR) or by adaptive allocation of the AR. The method was first tested in offline simulations with a three-dimensional finite element variably saturated subsurface flow model for the period January 2004-August 2005. The simulations revealed that (1) optimal control results were more effective than the historical control results and (2) the spatial distribution of AR should be different from the historical one. Next, the methodology was extended to a real-time control method based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter method, using 87 online groundwater head measurements, and tested at the site. The real-time control of the well field resulted in a decrease of the electrical conductivity of the water at critical measurement points which indicates a reduced inflow of water originating from contaminated sites. It can be concluded that the simulation and the application confirm the feasibility of the real-time control concept.
KW  - Cities
KW  - Computer Simulation
KW  - Soil: analysis
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Water Pollution: analysis
KW  - Water Supply: analysis
KW  - Soil (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:20695465
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000281225800042
DO  - DOI:10.1021/es100648j
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11663
ER  -