% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Bauser:11663,
      author       = {Bauser, G. and Hendricks-Franssen, H.-J. and Stauffer, F.
                      and Kaiser, H.P. and Kuhlmann, U. and Kinzelbach, W.},
      title        = {{R}eal-time management of an urban groundwater well field
                      threatened by pollution},
      journal      = {Environmental Science $\&$ Technology},
      volume       = {44},
      issn         = {0013-936X},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-11663},
      pages        = {6802 - 6807},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {The study was performed within the project "Real-time
                      control of a well-field using a groundwater model", a
                      cooperation between ETH Zurich, Zurich Water Supply, and TK
                      Consult Zurich. This project was funded by the Swiss
                      Commission for Technical Innovation CTI under Contract No.
                      7608.2 EPRP-IW. The author gratefully acknowledges the
                      doctoral scholarship granted by the German National Academic
                      Foundation.},
      abstract     = {We present an optimal real-time control approach for the
                      management of drinking water well fields. The methodology is
                      applied to the Hardhof field in the city of Zurich,
                      Switzerland, which is threatened by diffuse pollution. The
                      risk of attracting pollutants is higher if the pumping rate
                      is increased and can be reduced by increasing artificial
                      recharge (AR) or by adaptive allocation of the AR. The
                      method was first tested in offline simulations with a
                      three-dimensional finite element variably saturated
                      subsurface flow model for the period January 2004-August
                      2005. The simulations revealed that (1) optimal control
                      results were more effective than the historical control
                      results and (2) the spatial distribution of AR should be
                      different from the historical one. Next, the methodology was
                      extended to a real-time control method based on the Ensemble
                      Kalman Filter method, using 87 online groundwater head
                      measurements, and tested at the site. The real-time control
                      of the well field resulted in a decrease of the electrical
                      conductivity of the water at critical measurement points
                      which indicates a reduced inflow of water originating from
                      contaminated sites. It can be concluded that the simulation
                      and the application confirm the feasibility of the real-time
                      control concept.},
      keywords     = {Cities / Computer Simulation / Soil: analysis / Switzerland
                      / Time Factors / Water Pollution: analysis / Water Supply:
                      analysis / Soil (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4},
      ddc          = {050},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Environmental / Environmental Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:20695465},
      UT           = {WOS:000281225800042},
      doi          = {10.1021/es100648j},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11663},
}