%0 Journal Article
%A Shan, J.
%A Wang, T.
%A Li, Ch.
%A Klumpp, E.
%A Ji, R.
%T Bioaccumulation and Bound-Residue Formation of a Branched 4-Nonylphenol Isomer in the Geophagous Earthworm Metaphire guillelmi in a Rice Paddy Soil
%J Environmental Science & Technology
%V 44
%@ 0013-936X
%C Columbus, Ohio
%I American Chemical Society
%M PreJuSER-11693
%P 4558 - 4563
%D 2010
%Z This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grant 20977043; 20777033), the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (grant 2007AA06Z307), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2007148). Chengliang Li was supported by a scholarship from the Deutscher Akademischer Aus-tauschdienst (DAAD). We thank Dr. Yuanyuan Sun for measurements using the biological oxidizer.
%X Nonylphenols (NPs) are the breakdown products of the nonionic surfactants nonylphenol ethoxylates and are toxic pollutants. Here we studied the bioaccumulation, elimination, and biotransformation of NP (12.3 mg kg(-1) soil dry weight) in a typical Chinese geophagous earthworm, Metaphire guillelmi, in a rice paddy soil, using 4-[1-ethyl-1,3-dimethylpentyl]phenol (4-NP(111)), the main constitute of technical NP, radiolabeled with (14)C. Earthworms rapidly bioaccumulated (14)C-4-NP(111) following a two-compartment first-order kinetics model. At steady state (after 20 days exposure), the normalized biota-soil accumulation factor amounted to 120, and 77% of the accumulated radioactivity were present as nonextractable bound residues. The total radioactivity was eliminated from the earthworm following an availability-adjusted decay model and controlled by the elimination rate of the bound residues (half-life = 22.6 days). The extractable residues consisted mainly of one less-polar metabolite (37%) and polar compounds (50%), including glucuronide conjugates of 4-NP(111) and the metabolite; and free 4-NP(111) accounted for only 9% of the total extractable residues. This study provides the first results of the toxicokinetics and biotransformation of 4-NP in a terrestrial organism, and underlines the significant underestimation of the bioaccumulation and risk assessment based only on free NP in earthworms.
%K Agriculture
%K Animals
%K Autoradiography
%K Biodegradation, Environmental
%K Biotransformation
%K Carbon Radioisotopes
%K Chromatography, Thin Layer
%K Feeding Behavior: physiology
%K Glucuronidase: metabolism
%K Isomerism
%K Kinetics
%K Oligochaeta: metabolism
%K Oryza sativa
%K Phenols: chemistry
%K Phenols: metabolism
%K Soil
%K Carbon Radioisotopes (NLM Chemicals)
%K Phenols (NLM Chemicals)
%K Soil (NLM Chemicals)
%K 4-nonylphenol (NLM Chemicals)
%K Glucuronidase (NLM Chemicals)
%K J (WoSType)
%F PUB:(DE-HGF)16
%9 Journal Article
%$ pmid:20481550
%U <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000278617000031
%R 10.1021/es100139w
%U https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11693