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000011693 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1021/es100139w
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000011693 084__ $$2WoS$$aEngineering, Environmental
000011693 084__ $$2WoS$$aEnvironmental Sciences
000011693 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aShan, J.$$b0
000011693 245__ $$aBioaccumulation and Bound-Residue Formation of a Branched 4-Nonylphenol Isomer in the Geophagous Earthworm Metaphire guillelmi in a Rice Paddy Soil
000011693 260__ $$aColumbus, Ohio$$bAmerican Chemical Society$$c2010
000011693 300__ $$a4558 - 4563
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000011693 440_0 $$01865$$aEnvironmental Science and Technology$$v44$$x0013-936X$$y12
000011693 500__ $$aThis study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grant 20977043; 20777033), the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (grant 2007AA06Z307), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2007148). Chengliang Li was supported by a scholarship from the Deutscher Akademischer Aus-tauschdienst (DAAD). We thank Dr. Yuanyuan Sun for measurements using the biological oxidizer.
000011693 520__ $$aNonylphenols (NPs) are the breakdown products of the nonionic surfactants nonylphenol ethoxylates and are toxic pollutants. Here we studied the bioaccumulation, elimination, and biotransformation of NP (12.3 mg kg(-1) soil dry weight) in a typical Chinese geophagous earthworm, Metaphire guillelmi, in a rice paddy soil, using 4-[1-ethyl-1,3-dimethylpentyl]phenol (4-NP(111)), the main constitute of technical NP, radiolabeled with (14)C. Earthworms rapidly bioaccumulated (14)C-4-NP(111) following a two-compartment first-order kinetics model. At steady state (after 20 days exposure), the normalized biota-soil accumulation factor amounted to 120, and 77% of the accumulated radioactivity were present as nonextractable bound residues. The total radioactivity was eliminated from the earthworm following an availability-adjusted decay model and controlled by the elimination rate of the bound residues (half-life = 22.6 days). The extractable residues consisted mainly of one less-polar metabolite (37%) and polar compounds (50%), including glucuronide conjugates of 4-NP(111) and the metabolite; and free 4-NP(111) accounted for only 9% of the total extractable residues. This study provides the first results of the toxicokinetics and biotransformation of 4-NP in a terrestrial organism, and underlines the significant underestimation of the bioaccumulation and risk assessment based only on free NP in earthworms.
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000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAgriculture
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAnimals
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAutoradiography
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBiodegradation, Environmental
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBiotransformation
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCarbon Radioisotopes
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aChromatography, Thin Layer
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFeeding Behavior: physiology
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGlucuronidase: metabolism
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aIsomerism
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aKinetics
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aOligochaeta: metabolism
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aOryza sativa
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPhenols: chemistry
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPhenols: metabolism
000011693 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSoil
000011693 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aCarbon Radioisotopes
000011693 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aPhenols
000011693 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aSoil
000011693 650_7 $$0104-40-5$$2NLM Chemicals$$a4-nonylphenol
000011693 650_7 $$0EC 3.2.1.31$$2NLM Chemicals$$aGlucuronidase
000011693 650_7 $$2WoSType$$aJ
000011693 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWang, T.$$b1
000011693 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB65859$$aLi, Ch.$$b2$$uFZJ
000011693 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129484$$aKlumpp, E.$$b3$$uFZJ
000011693 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJi, R.$$b4
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000011693 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es100139w
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