TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shan, J.
AU  - Wang, T.
AU  - Li, Ch.
AU  - Klumpp, E.
AU  - Ji, R.
TI  - Bioaccumulation and Bound-Residue Formation of a Branched 4-Nonylphenol Isomer in the Geophagous Earthworm Metaphire guillelmi in a Rice Paddy Soil
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
VL  - 44
SN  - 0013-936X
CY  - Columbus, Ohio
PB  - American Chemical Society
M1  - PreJuSER-11693
SP  - 4558 - 4563
PY  - 2010
N1  - This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grant 20977043; 20777033), the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (grant 2007AA06Z307), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2007148). Chengliang Li was supported by a scholarship from the Deutscher Akademischer Aus-tauschdienst (DAAD). We thank Dr. Yuanyuan Sun for measurements using the biological oxidizer.
AB  - Nonylphenols (NPs) are the breakdown products of the nonionic surfactants nonylphenol ethoxylates and are toxic pollutants. Here we studied the bioaccumulation, elimination, and biotransformation of NP (12.3 mg kg(-1) soil dry weight) in a typical Chinese geophagous earthworm, Metaphire guillelmi, in a rice paddy soil, using 4-[1-ethyl-1,3-dimethylpentyl]phenol (4-NP(111)), the main constitute of technical NP, radiolabeled with (14)C. Earthworms rapidly bioaccumulated (14)C-4-NP(111) following a two-compartment first-order kinetics model. At steady state (after 20 days exposure), the normalized biota-soil accumulation factor amounted to 120, and 77% of the accumulated radioactivity were present as nonextractable bound residues. The total radioactivity was eliminated from the earthworm following an availability-adjusted decay model and controlled by the elimination rate of the bound residues (half-life = 22.6 days). The extractable residues consisted mainly of one less-polar metabolite (37%) and polar compounds (50%), including glucuronide conjugates of 4-NP(111) and the metabolite; and free 4-NP(111) accounted for only 9% of the total extractable residues. This study provides the first results of the toxicokinetics and biotransformation of 4-NP in a terrestrial organism, and underlines the significant underestimation of the bioaccumulation and risk assessment based only on free NP in earthworms.
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Animals
KW  - Autoradiography
KW  - Biodegradation, Environmental
KW  - Biotransformation
KW  - Carbon Radioisotopes
KW  - Chromatography, Thin Layer
KW  - Feeding Behavior: physiology
KW  - Glucuronidase: metabolism
KW  - Isomerism
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Oligochaeta: metabolism
KW  - Oryza sativa
KW  - Phenols: chemistry
KW  - Phenols: metabolism
KW  - Soil
KW  - Carbon Radioisotopes (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Phenols (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Soil (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - 4-nonylphenol (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Glucuronidase (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:20481550
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000278617000031
DO  - DOI:10.1021/es100139w
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11693
ER  -