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@ARTICLE{HendricksFranssen:11758,
      author       = {Hendricks-Franssen, H.-J. and Stöckli, R. and Lehner, I.
                      and Rotenberg, E. and Seneviratne, S.I.},
      title        = {{E}nergy balance closure of eddy covariance data: a
                      multi-site analysis for {E}uropean {FLUXNET} stations},
      journal      = {Agricultural and forest meteorology},
      volume       = {150},
      issn         = {0168-1923},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-11758},
      pages        = {1553 - 1567},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {We would like to acknowledge the coordinating efforts by
                      the CarboEurope IP and thank especially the Pis and their
                      collaborators from the 26 FLUXNET sites considered in this
                      study for access to the analyzed data. Without their
                      continued efforts this study would not have been possible.
                      We are also thankful to the reviewers and editor (Timothy
                      Griffis), who helped to improve this manuscript
                      considerably. In addition, we thank especially Alexander
                      Graf, and also Dennis Baldocchi, Thomas Foken, Markus
                      Reichstein, Anders Lindroth and Dario Papale for useful
                      comments. Partial financial support was received from the EU
                      7th Framework Programme GENESIS Project No. 226536 and the
                      CCES project MAIOLICA.},
      abstract     = {This paper presents a multi-site (>20) analysis of the
                      relative and absolute energy balance (EB) closure at
                      European FLUXNET sites, as a function of the stability
                      parameter xi, the friction velocity u., thermally-induced
                      turbulence, and the time of the day. A focus of the analysis
                      is the magnitude of EB deficits for very unstable
                      conditions. A univariate analysis of the relative EB deficit
                      as function of xi alone (both for individual sites and a
                      synthesis for all sites), reveals that the relative EB
                      deficit is larger for very unstable conditions (xi < -1.0)
                      than for less unstable conditions (-0.02 > xi >= -1.0). A
                      bivariate analysis of the relative EB deficit as function of
                      both xi and u., however, indicates that for situations with
                      comparable u. the closure is better for very unstable
                      conditions than for less unstable conditions. Our results
                      suggest that the poorer closure for very unstable conditions
                      identified from the univariate analysis is due to reduced u.
                      under these conditions. In addition, we identify that the
                      conditions characterized by smallest relative EB deficits
                      (elevated overall turbulence, mostly during day time)
                      correspond to cases with the largest absolute EB deficits.
                      Thus, the total EB deficit at the sites is induced mostly
                      under these conditions, which is particularly relevant for
                      evapotranspiration estimates. Further, situations with the
                      largest relative EB deficits are generally characterized by
                      small absolute EB deficits. We also find that the relative
                      EB deficit does generally not correspond to the regression
                      line of absolute EB deficit with the net radiation because
                      there is a (positive or negative) offset. This can be
                      understood from theoretical considerations. Finally, we find
                      that storage effects explain a considerable fraction of the
                      large relative (but small absolute) nocturnal EB deficits,
                      and only a limited fraction of the overall relative and
                      absolute EB deficits. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights
                      reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt / GENESIS - Groundwater and dependent
                      Ecosystems: NEw Scientific basIS on climate change and
                      land-use impacts for the update of the EU Groundwater
                      Directive (226536)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407 / G:(EU-Grant)226536},
      shelfmark    = {Agronomy / Forestry / Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric
                      Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000284784800006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.08.005},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11758},
}