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@ARTICLE{Minet:11777,
      author       = {Minet, J. and Lambot, S. and Slob, E.C. and Vanclooster,
                      M.},
      title        = {{S}oil {S}urface {W}ater {C}ontent {E}stimation by
                      {F}ull-{W}aveform {GPR} {S}ignal {I}nversion in the
                      {P}resence of {T}hin {L}ayers},
      journal      = {IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing},
      volume       = {48},
      issn         = {0196-2892},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-11777},
      pages        = {1138 - 1150},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {This work was supported in part by the Belgian Science
                      Policy Office in the frame of the Stereo II
                      Programme-project SR/00/100 (HYDRASENS) and in part by Fonds
                      de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium.},
      abstract     = {We analyzed the effect of shallow thin layers on the
                      estimation of soil surface water content using full-waveform
                      inversion of off-ground ground penetrating radar (GPR) data.
                      Strong dielectric contrasts are expected to occur under fast
                      wetting or drying weather conditions, thereby leading to
                      constructive and destructive interferences with respect to
                      surface reflection. First, synthetic GPR data were generated
                      and subsequently inverted considering different thin-layer
                      model configurations. The resulting inversion errors when
                      neglecting the thin layer were quantified, and then, the
                      possibility to reconstruct these layers was investigated.
                      Second, laboratory experiments reproducing some of the
                      numerical experiment configurations were conducted to assess
                      the stability of the inverse solution with respect to actual
                      measurement and modeling errors. Results showed that
                      neglecting shallow thin layers may lead to significant
                      errors on the estimation of soil surface water content
                      (Delta theta > 0.03 m(3)/m(3)), depending on the contrast.
                      Accounting for these layers in the inversion process
                      strongly improved the results, although some optimization
                      issues were encountered. In the laboratory, the proposed
                      full-waveform method permitted to reconstruct thin layers
                      with a high resolution up to 2 cm and to retrieve the soil
                      surface water content with an rmse less than 0.02 m(3)/m(3),
                      owing to the full-waveform inverse modeling. These results
                      suggest that the proposed GPR approach is promising for
                      field-scale mapping of soil surface water content of
                      nondispersive soils with low electrical conductivity and for
                      instances when soil layering is encountered.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Geochemistry $\&$ Geophysics / Engineering, Electrical $\&$
                      Electronic / Remote Sensing},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000274794600013},
      doi          = {10.1109/TGRS.2009.2031907},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11777},
}