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@ARTICLE{Unold:11973,
      author       = {Unold, M. and Kasteel, R. and Groeneweg, J. and Vereecken,
                      H.},
      title        = {{T}ransport of sulfadiazine in undisturbed soil columns:
                      {E}ffect of flow rate, input concentration and pulse
                      duration},
      journal      = {Journal of environmental quality},
      volume       = {39},
      issn         = {0047-2425},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {ASA [u.a.]},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-11973},
      pages        = {2147 - 2159},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {We acknowledge the German Research Foundation (DFG) for the
                      financial support (FOR566) and Bayer HealthCare (Wuppertal,
                      Germany) for the production of the <SUP>14</SUP>C-labeled
                      sulfadiazine. We also thank Stephan Koppchen for the HPLC
                      measurements, Thorsten Buttner, Stefan Masjosthusman, Kavita
                      Mayekar, and Maja Stiefelhagen for their assistance in the
                      laboratory, Jurgen Holtkemeier and Ansgar Weuthen for
                      building the experimental setup and three anonymous
                      reviewers and the editor for their helpful comments.},
      abstract     = {Antibiotics reach soils via spreading of manure or sewage
                      sludge. Knowledge on the transport behavior of antibiotics
                      in soils is needed to assess their environmental fate. The
                      effect of flow rate and applied mass, i.e., input
                      concentration and pulse duration, on the transport of
                      C-14-sulfadiazine (SDZ;
                      4-amino-N-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzenesulfonamide) was
                      investigated with soil column experiments and numerical
                      studies. Sulfadiazine was applied in pulses (6.8, 68 or 306
                      h) under steady-state (0.051 and 0.21 cm h(-1)) and
                      intermittent flow conditions and at two input concentrations
                      (0.57 and 5.7 mg L-1). Breakthrough curves (BTCs) of C-14
                      were measured and for one experiment concentrations of SDZ,
                      and its transformation products
                      4-(2-iminopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)aniline (An-SDZ) and
                      N-1-2-(4-hydroxypyrimidinyl)benzenesulfanilamide (4-OH-SDZ)
                      were determined. After finalizing the leaching experiments,
                      C-14 was quantified in different slices of the columns. A
                      lower flow rate led to remarkably lower eluted masses
                      compared with the higher flow rates. All BTCs could be
                      described well using a three-site attachment detachment
                      model for which a common set of parameters was determined.
                      However, the BTC obtained with the high input concentration
                      was slightly better described with a two-site isotherm-based
                      model. The prediction of the concentration profiles was good
                      with both model concepts. The fitted sorption capacities
                      decreased in the order SDZ > 4-OH-SDZ > An-SDZ. Overall, the
                      experiments reveal the presence of similar mechanisms
                      characterizing SDZ transport. The dependence of model
                      performance on concentration implies that although the
                      three-site attachment-detachment model is appropriate to
                      predict the transport of SDZ in soil columns, not all
                      relevant processes are adequately captured.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000283897200030},
      doi          = {10.2134/jeq2009.0445},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/11973},
}