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@ARTICLE{Elguindi:12508,
      author       = {Elguindi, N. and Clark, H. and Ordonez, C. and Thouret, V.
                      and Flemming, J. and Stein, O. and Huijen, V. and Moinat, P.
                      and Inness, A. and Peuch, V.-H. and Stohl, A. and Turquety,
                      S. and Cammas, J.-P. and Athier, G. and Cammas, J.-P. and
                      Schultz, M.},
      title        = {{C}urrent status of the ability of the {GEMS}/{MACC} models
                      to reproduce the tropospheric {CO} vertical distribution as
                      measured by {MOZAIC}},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development},
      volume       = {3},
      issn         = {1991-959X},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-12508},
      pages        = {501 - 518},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {This research was carried out as part of the GEMS project,
                      which was funded by the European Commission under the EU
                      Sixth Research Framework Programme, contract number
                      SIP4-CT-2004-516099 and the MACC project, which is funded by
                      the European Comission under the EU 7th framework programme
                      (Grant agreement 218793). The authors acknowledge the strong
                      support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the Airlines
                      (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge
                      the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994.
                      MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France),
                      Meteo-France, and Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany).
                      The MOZAIC data based is supported by ETHER (CNES and
                      INSU-CNRS).},
      abstract     = {Vertical profiles of CO taken from the MOZAIC aircraft
                      database are used to globally evaluate the performance of
                      the GEMS/MACC models, including the ECMWF-Integrated
                      Forecasting System (IFS) model coupled to the CTM MOZART-3
                      with 4DVAR data assimilation for the year 2004. This study
                      provides a unique opportunity to compare the performance of
                      three offline CTMs (MOZART-3, MOCAGE and TM5) driven by the
                      same meteorology as well as one coupled atmosphere/CTM model
                      run with data assimilation, enabling us to assess the
                      potential gain brought by the combination of online
                      transport and the 4DVAR chemical satellite data
                      assimilation.First we present a global analysis of observed
                      CO seasonal averages and interannual variability for the
                      years 2002 2007. Results show that despite the intense
                      boreal forest fires that occurred during the summer in
                      Alaska and Canada, the year 2004 had comparably lower
                      tropospheric CO concentrations. Next we present a validation
                      of CO estimates produced by the MACC models for 2004,
                      including an assessment of their ability to transport
                      pollutants originating from the Alaskan/Canadian wildfires.
                      In general, all the models tend to underestimate CO. The
                      coupled model and the CTMs perform best in Europe and the US
                      where biases range from 0 to $-25\%$ in the free troposphere
                      and from 0 to $-50\%$ in the surface and boundary layers
                      (BL). Using the 4DVAR technique to assimilate MOPITT V4 CO
                      significantly reduces biases by up to $50\%$ in most
                      regions. However none of the models, even the IFS-MOZART-3
                      coupled model with assimilation, are able to reproduce well
                      the CO plumes originating from the Alaskan/Canadian
                      wildfires at downwind locations in the eastern US and
                      Europe. Sensitivity tests reveal that deficiencies in the
                      fire emissions inventory and injection height play a role.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {910},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima / MACC - Monitoring Atmospheric
                      Composition and Climate (218793)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491 / G:(EU-Grant)218793},
      shelfmark    = {Geosciences, Multidisciplinary},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000285965100010},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmd-3-501-2010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/12508},
}