TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tilmes, S.
AU  - Pan, L.L.
AU  - Hoor, P.
AU  - Atlas, E.
AU  - Avery, M.A.
AU  - Campos, T.
AU  - Cristensen, L.E.
AU  - Diskin, G.S.
AU  - Gao, R.-S.
AU  - Herman, R.L.
AU  - Hintsa, E.J.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
AU  - Lopez, J.
AU  - Paige, M.E.
AU  - Pittman, J.V.
AU  - Podolske, J.r.
AU  - Proffitt, J.R.
AU  - Sachse, G.W.
AU  - Schiller, C.
AU  - Schlager, H.
AU  - Smith, J.
AU  - Spelten, N.
AU  - Webster, C.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Zondlo, M.A.
TI  - An Aircraft-based Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere O3, CO and H2O Climatology for the Northern Hemisphere
JO  - Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres
VL  - 115
SN  - 0022-1406
CY  - Washington, DC
PB  - Union
M1  - PreJuSER-12594
SP  - D14303
PY  - 2010
N1  - This work is supported in part by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in support by the National Science Foundation and by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Program. Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with NASA. Thanks are also due to NCEP Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) for providing meteorological analysis. The authors thank Louisa Emmons and Rolando Garcia for helpful comments and suggestions.
AB  - We present a climatology of O-3, CO, and H2O for the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), based on a large collection of high-resolution research aircraft data taken between 1995 and 2008. To group aircraft observations with sparse horizontal coverage, the UTLS is divided into three regimes: the tropics, subtropics, and the polar region. These regimes are defined using a set of simple criteria based on tropopause height and multiple tropopause conditions. Tropopause-referenced tracer profiles and tracer-tracer correlations show distinct characteristics for each regime, which reflect the underlying transport processes. The UTLS climatology derived here shows many features of earlier climatologies. In addition, mixed air masses in the subtropics, identified by O-3-CO correlations, show two characteristic modes in the tracer-tracer space that are a result of mixed air masses in layers above and below the tropopause (TP). A thin layer of mixed air (1-2 km around the tropopause) is identified for all regions and seasons, where tracer gradients across the TP are largest. The most pronounced influence of mixing between the tropical transition layer and the subtropics was found in spring and summer in the region above 380 K potential temperature. The vertical extent of mixed air masses between UT and LS reaches up to 5 km above the TP. The tracer correlations and distributions in the UTLS derived here can serve as a reference for model and satellite data evaluation.
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000280328800001
DO  - DOI:10.1029/2009JD012731
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/12594
ER  -