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@PHDTHESIS{Zhang:128157,
      author       = {Zhang, Jun},
      title        = {{P}edestrian fundamental diagrams: {C}omparative analysis
                      of experiments in different geometries},
      volume       = {14},
      school       = {Universität Wuppertal},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbiliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2012-01052},
      isbn         = {978-3-89336-825-9},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. IAS Series},
      pages        = {103 S.},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {Universität Wuppertal, Diss., 2012},
      abstract     = {Over the last few decades, several approaches for modeling
                      of pedestrian traffic have been proposed and developed.
                      However, the existing empirical data are insufficient and
                      have large discrepancies, which makes difficult for the
                      quantitative validation of models, design and safety
                      assessment of facilities. This thesis mainly analyze the
                      pedestrian fundamental diagram describing the relation
                      between crowd density, velocity and flow based on series of
                      well-controlled laboratory experiments. The second chapter
                      reviews the commonly used fundamental diagrams in handbooks.
                      The differences and influence of them on facility designs
                      are compared. Then the existing empirical studies on
                      pedestrian fundamental diagrams are discussed especially for
                      uni- and bidirectional pedestrian streams. In the third
                      chapter, the experiment setup and the extraction of the
                      pedestrian trajectories from video recordings are described.
                      Four different measurement methods are taken to calculate
                      the crowd density, velocity and specific flow. Their
                      influences on the fundamental diagram are tested with the
                      data obtained from the experiment of unidirectional flow.
                      For the density ranges achieved in the experiment, minor
                      effects are observed but the Voronoi method is able to
                      resolve a finer structure of the diagram and to reveal a
                      discontinuity. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis of
                      experiments of uni-, bi-directional and merging flow based
                      on the Voronoi method. The first two experiments were
                      carried out in a straight corridor, whereas the third one
                      were performed in a T-junction. The topographical
                      information for density, velocity and specific flow, from
                      which the boundary effect are observed, are extracted with
                      Voronoi method. The specific concept is applicable to all
                      types of flows in the density ranges observed in the
                      experiments. Surprisingly, no difference is found for the
                      fundamental diagrams of bidirectional flow with different
                      modes of order. However, there is a sharp distinction
                      between the fundamental diagrams of uni- and bidirectional
                      flow. For the merging flow in a T-junction, the fundamental
                      diagrams measured in front and behind the merging show also
                      significant differences.},
      keywords     = {Dissertation (GND)},
      cin          = {JSC},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {411 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF2-411)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-411},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/128157},
}