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@ARTICLE{Kautz:128323,
      author       = {Kautz, Timo and Amelung, Wulf and Ewert, Frank and Gaiser,
                      Thomas and Horn, Rainer and Jahn, Reinhold and Javaux,
                      Mathieu and Kemna, Andreas and Kuzyakov, Yakov and Munch,
                      Jean-Charles and Pätzold, Stefan and Peth, Stephan and
                      Scherer, Heinrich W. and Schloter, Michael and Schneider,
                      Heike and Vanderborght, Jan and Vetterlein, Doris and
                      Walter, Achim and Wiesenberg, Guido L.B. and Köpke, Ulrich},
      title        = {{N}utrient acquisition from arable subsoils in temperate
                      climates: {A} review},
      journal      = {Soil biology $\&$ biochemistry},
      volume       = {57},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-00062},
      pages        = {1003 - 1022},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {In arable farming systems, the term ‘subsoil’ refers to
                      the soil beneath the tilled or formerly tilled soil horizon
                      whereas the latter one is denoted as ‘topsoil’. To date,
                      most agronomic and plant nutrition studies have widely
                      neglected subsoil processes involved in nutrient acquisition
                      by crop roots. Based on our current knowledge it can be
                      assumed that subsoil properties such as comparatively high
                      bulk density, low air permeability, and poverty of organic
                      matter, nutrients and microbial biomass are obviously
                      adverse for nutrient acquisition, and sometimes subsoils
                      provide as little as less than $10\%$ of annual nutrient
                      uptake in fertilised arable fields. Nevertheless, there is
                      also strong evidence indicating that subsoil can contribute
                      to more than two-thirds of the plant nutrition of N, P and
                      K, especially when the topsoil is dry or nutrient-depleted.
                      Based on the existing literature, nutrient acquisition from
                      arable subsoils may be conceptualised into three major
                      process components: (I) mobilisation from the subsoil, (II)
                      translocation to the shoot and long-term accumulation in the
                      Ap horizon and (III) re-allocation to the subsoil. The
                      quantitative estimation of nutrient acquisition from the
                      subsoil requires the linking of field experiments with
                      mathematical modelling approaches on different spatial
                      scales including Process Based Models for the field scale
                      and Functional–Structural Plant Models for the plant
                      scale. Possibilities to modify subsoil properties by means
                      of agronomic management are limited, but ‘subsoiling’
                      – i.e. deep mechanical loosening – as well as the
                      promotion of biopore formation are two potential strategies
                      for increasing access to subsoil resources for crop roots in
                      arable soils. The quantitative role of biopores in the
                      nutrient acquisition from the subsoil is still unclear, and
                      more research is needed to determine the bioaccessibility of
                      nutrients in subsoil horizons.},
      cin          = {IBG-2 / IBG-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118 / I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {242 - Sustainable Bioproduction (POF2-242) / 246 -
                      Modelling and Monitoring Terrestrial Systems: Methods and
                      Technologies (POF2-246)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-242 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-246},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000317247100122},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.09.014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/128323},
}