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@ARTICLE{Pfeiffer:128407,
      author       = {Pfeiffer, Ulrich and Schilbach, Leonhard and Jording,
                      Mathis and Timmermans, Bert and Bente, Gary and Vogeley,
                      Kai},
      title        = {{E}yes on the {M}ind: {I}nvestigating the {I}nfluence of
                      {G}aze {D}ynamics on the {P}erception of {O}thers in
                      {R}eal-{T}ime {S}ocial {I}nteraction},
      journal      = {Frontiers in psychology},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {537},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-00145},
      pages        = {1-11},
      year         = {2012},
      abstract     = {Social gaze provides a window into the interests and
                      intentions of others and allows us to actively point out our
                      own. It enables us to engage in triadic interactions
                      involving human actors and physical objects and to build an
                      indispensable basis for coordinated action and collaborative
                      efforts. The object-related aspect of gaze in combination
                      with the fact that any motor act of looking encompasses both
                      input and output of the minds involved makes this non-verbal
                      cue system particularly interesting for research in embodied
                      social cognition. Social gaze comprises several core
                      components, such as gaze-following or gaze aversion.
                      Gaze-following can result in situations of either “joint
                      attention” or “shared attention.” The former describes
                      situations in which the gaze-follower is aware of sharing a
                      joint visual focus with the gazer. The latter refers to a
                      situation in which gazer and gaze-follower focus on the same
                      object and both are aware of their reciprocal awareness of
                      this joint focus. Here, a novel interactive eye-tracking
                      paradigm suited for studying triadic interactions was used
                      to explore two aspects of social gaze. Experiments 1a and 1b
                      assessed how the latency of another person’s gaze
                      reactions (i.e., gaze-following or gaze version) affected
                      participants’ sense of agency, which was measured by their
                      experience of relatedness of these reactions. Results
                      demonstrate that both timing and congruency of a gaze
                      reaction as well as the other’s action options influence
                      the sense of agency. Experiment 2 explored differences in
                      gaze dynamics when participants were asked to establish
                      either joint or shared attention. Findings indicate that
                      establishing shared attention takes longer and requires a
                      larger number of gaze shifts as compared to joint attention,
                      which more closely seems to resemble simple visual
                      detection. Taken together, novel insights into the sense of
                      agency and the awareness of others in gaze-based interaction
                      are provided.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {150},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {331 - Signalling Pathways and Mechanisms in the Nervous
                      System (POF2-331) / 89572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity
                      (POF2-89572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-331 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000208864000245},
      pubmed       = {pmid:23227017},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00537},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/128407},
}