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@ARTICLE{Heim:132059,
      author       = {Heim, Stefan and Weidner, Ralph and Overheidt, Ann-Christin
                      and Tholen, Nicole and Grande, M and Amunts, Katrin},
      title        = {{E}xperimental induction of reading difficulties in normal
                      readers provides novel insights into the neurofunctional
                      mechanisms of visual word recognition},
      journal      = {Brain structure $\&$ function},
      volume       = {219},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1863-2661},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-01298},
      pages        = {461-471},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Phonological and visual dysfunctions may result in reading
                      deficits like those encountered in developmental dyslexia.
                      Here, we use a novel approach to induce similar reading
                      difficulties in normal readers in an event-related fMRI
                      study, thus systematically investigating which brain regions
                      relate to different pathways relating to
                      orthographic-phonological (e.g. grapheme-to-phoneme
                      conversion, GPC) vs. visual processing. Based upon a
                      previous behavioural study (Tholen et al. 2011), the
                      retrieval of phonemes from graphemes was manipulated by
                      lowering the identifiability of letters in familiar vs.
                      unfamiliar shapes. Visual word and letter processing was
                      impeded by presenting the letters of a word in a moving,
                      non-stationary manner. FMRI revealed that the visual
                      condition activated cytoarchitectonically defined area hOC5
                      in the magnocellular pathway and area 7A in the right mesial
                      parietal cortex. In contrast, the grapheme manipulation
                      revealed different effects localised predominantly in
                      bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (left cytoarchitectonic
                      area 44; right area 45) and inferior parietal lobule
                      (including areas PF/PFm), regions that have been
                      demonstrated to show abnormal activation in dyslexic as
                      compared to normal readers. This pattern of activation bears
                      close resemblance to recent findings in dyslexic samples
                      both behaviourally and with respect to the neurofunctional
                      activation patterns. The novel paradigm may thus prove
                      useful in future studies to understand reading problems
                      related to distinct pathways, potentially providing a link
                      also to the understanding of real reading impairments in
                      dyslexia.},
      cin          = {INM-1 / INM-3 / JARA-BRAIN},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080010_20140620$},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000335737500002},
      pubmed       = {pmid:23400699},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00429-013-0509-7},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/132059},
}