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000013370 084__ $$2WoS$$aMeteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
000013370 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)8844$$aKuhn, U.$$b0$$uFZJ
000013370 245__ $$aImpact of Manaus City on the Amazon Green Ocean atmosphere: ozone production, precursor sensitivity and aerosol load
000013370 260__ $$aKatlenburg-Lindau$$bEGU$$c2010
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000013370 440_0 $$09601$$aAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics$$v10$$x1680-7316$$y9251 - 9282
000013370 500__ $$aThis study was carried out as part of the Large-Scale Atmosphere-Biosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). It was supported by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, the Sao Paulo State Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa (FAPESP), and the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Technologica (CNPq). We thank the pilots of the INPE Bandeirante aircraft for their enthusiastic and competent support throughout an intensive flying campaign. We also thank the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development, Brazil, for their support including provision of the aircraft; and the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA) for logistic support. We credit the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for making available the HYSPLIT model, and Google Earth (TM) mapping service for providing the land cover image.
000013370 520__ $$aAs a contribution to the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia - Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment (LBA-CLAIRE-2001) field campaign in the heart of the Amazon Basin, we analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamics of the urban plume of Manaus City during the wet-to-dry season transition period in July 2001. During the flights, we performed vertical stacks of crosswind transects in the urban outflow downwind of Manaus City, measuring a comprehensive set of trace constituents including O-3, NO, NO2, CO, VOC, CO2, and H2O. Aerosol loads were characterized by concentrations of total aerosol number (CN) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and by light scattering properties. Measurements over pristine rainforest areas during the campaign showed low levels of pollution from biomass burning or industrial emissions, representative of wet season background conditions. The urban plume of Manaus City was found to be joined by plumes from power plants south of the city, all showing evidence of very strong photochemical ozone formation. One episode is discussed in detail, where a threefold increase in ozone mixing ratios within the atmospheric boundary layer occurred within a 100 km travel distance downwind of Manaus. Observation-based estimates of the ozone production rates in the plume reached 15 ppb h(-1).Within the plume core, aerosol concentrations were strongly enhanced, with Delta CN/Delta CO ratios about one order of magnitude higher than observed in Amazon biomass burning plumes. Delta CN/Delta CO ratios tended to decrease with increasing transport time, indicative of a significant reduction in particle number by coagulation, and without substantial new particle nucleation occurring within the time/space observed. While in the background atmosphere a large fraction of the total particle number served as CCN (about 60-80% at 0.6% supersaturation), the CCN/CN ratios within the plume indicated that only a small fraction (16 +/- 12 %) of the plume particles were CCN. The fresh plume aerosols showed relatively weak light scattering efficiency. The CO-normalized CCN concentrations and light scattering coefficients increased with plume age in most cases, suggesting particle growth by condensation of soluble organic or inorganic species.We used a Single Column Chemistry and Transport Model (SCM) to infer the urban pollution emission fluxes of Manaus City, implying observed mixing ratios of CO, NOx and VOC. The model can reproduce the temporal/spatial distribution of ozone enhancements in the Manaus plume, both with and without accounting for the distinct (high NOx) contribution by the power plants; this way examining the sensitivity of ozone production to changes in the emission rates of NOx. The VOC reactivity in the Manaus region was dominated by a high burden of biogenic isoprene from the background rainforest atmosphere, and therefore NOx control is assumed to be the most effective ozone abatement strategy. Both observations and models show that the agglomeration of NOx emission sources, like power plants, in a well-arranged area can decrease the ozone production efficiency in the near field of the urban populated cores. But on the other hand remote areas downwind of the city then bear the brunt, being exposed to increased ozone production and N-deposition. The simulated maximum stomatal ozone uptake fluxes were 4 nmol m(-2) s(-1) close to Manaus, and decreased only to about 2 nmol m(-2) s(-1) within a travel distance >1500 km downwind from Manaus, clearly exceeding the critical threshold level for broadleaf trees. Likewise, the simulated N deposition close to Manaus was similar to 70 kg N ha(-1) a(-1) decreasing only to about 30 kg N ha(-1) a(-1) after three days of simulation.
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000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGanzeveld, L.$$b1
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aThielmann, A.$$b2
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDindorf, T.$$b3
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchebeske, G.$$b4
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWelling, M.$$b5
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSciare, J.$$b6
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRoberts, G.$$b7
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMeixner, F.X.$$b8
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKesselmeier, J.$$b9
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLelieveld, J.$$b10
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKolle, O.$$b11
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCiccioli, P.$$b12
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLloyd, J.$$b13
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTrentmann, J.$$b14
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aArtaxo, P.$$b15
000013370 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAndreae, M.O.$$b16
000013370 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2069847-1$$a10.5194/acp-10-9251-2010$$gVol. 10$$q10$$tAtmospheric chemistry and physics$$v10$$x1680-7316$$y2010
000013370 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9251-2010
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