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@ARTICLE{Kasteel:133746,
      author       = {Kasteel, Roy and Schnitzler, Frauke and Berns, Anne E. and
                      Vanderborght, Jan and Vereecken, Harry},
      title        = {{V}isualization of transport pathways for organic compounds
                      in undisturbed soil monoliths},
      journal      = {Geoderma},
      volume       = {195 - 196},
      issn         = {0016-7061},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-02145},
      pages        = {70 - 78},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {Small amounts of organic compounds are often found at much
                      larger depths than expected from their organic carbon
                      normalized distribution coefficient (K-oc). In this study
                      the food dye Brilliant Blue (BB) was used to visualize the
                      (preferential) transport pathways in undisturbed soil
                      monoliths taken from an Orthic Luvisol and from a Eutric
                      Cambisol. After spiking the monoliths with 1.0 MBq of either
                      C-14-labeled benazolin (leacher) or C-14-labeled
                      benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, nonleacher), they were intermittently
                      irrigated under free-draining conditions twice weekly with 4
                      mm of rain water for 17 weeks. BE (4 g L-1) was added to the
                      rain water during the last 4 weeks. After irrigation, the
                      monoliths were sliced and photographs were taken from
                      horizontal cross-sections. Soil was dried and incinerated to
                      measure total C-14-activity. The mean travel depth for
                      benazolin (6-7 cm) was larger than for BaP (2 cm), which is
                      in line with their K-oc values, although BaP was much more
                      mobile than expected from the K-oc value. BB patterns,
                      arbitrarily classified into five intensity classes, showed
                      that large parts of the monolith were bypassed below the
                      completely stained upper two to five centimeter.
                      Furthermore, BB patterns indicated the locations of strongly
                      sorbing compounds in the deeper soil layers and are
                      therefore a helpful tool to selectively sample the soil for
                      these compounds. A continuously stained root channel below
                      the 20-cm depth contained substantial amounts of BaP,
                      indicating that soil structure cannot be neglected to assess
                      the fate of nonleachers in undisturbed soils. (c) 2012
                      Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {245 - Chemicals in the Environment (POF2-245)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-245},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000316307200008},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.11.014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/133746},
}