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@PHDTHESIS{Bram:134314,
      author       = {Bram, Martin},
      title        = {{P}ulvermetallurgische {H}erstellung von porösem {T}itan
                      und von {N}i{T}i-{L}egierungen für biomedizinische
                      {A}nwendungen},
      volume       = {171},
      school       = {Universität Bochum},
      type         = {Habilitationsschrift},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-02541},
      isbn         = {978-3-89336-866-2},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich : Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {X, 238 p.},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {Habilitationsschrift, Universität Bochum, 2013},
      abstract     = {In the present work, powder metallurgical processing routes
                      were developed, which enable the net-shape manufacturing of
                      porous titanium implants as well as NiTi implants with fully
                      pronounced shape memory behaviour. Porous implants are
                      attractive due to an improved fixation in the human skeleton
                      if the bone grows into the open porosity. Furthermore,
                      adaption of Young’s modulus reduces the risk of
                      stress-shielding to a minimum. Implants and biomedical
                      devices made of NiTi are well known for their unique
                      mechanical properties, which are either based on shape
                      memory effect or pseudoelasticity. For both class of
                      materials, conventional manufacturing by ingot metallurgy
                      with subsequent hot or cold working and mechanical machining
                      is difficult to conduct due to the fact that porosity and
                      shape memory properties cause enhanced tool wear. In
                      addition to a comprehensive description of the processing
                      technologies developed in this work, basic characterisation
                      of specific mechanical and biological properties was
                      conducted. Results achieved were discussed considering
                      related literature. Applicability under industrial
                      conditions was evaluated. The potential of powder
                      metallurgical processing of these materials was demonstrated
                      on a couple of implant prototypes like acetabular cup, spine
                      implant for vertebral disc replacement, dental implant and
                      foot staple. A highlight of the work was licensing of the
                      space holder method to Synthes Company. In 2007, Synthes
                      launched a spine implant on market, which was manufactured
                      with a gradient in porosity using this technology.},
      keywords     = {Habilitationsschrift (GND)},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {123 - Fuel Cells (POF2-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-123},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)13 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/134314},
}