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@PHDTHESIS{Komenda:13467,
      author       = {Komenda, M.},
      title        = {{I}nvestigations of the emissions of monoterpenes from
                      {S}cots pine},
      volume       = {3866},
      issn         = {0944-2952},
      school       = {Univ. Köln},
      type         = {Dr. (Univ.)},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-13467, Juel-3866},
      series       = {Berichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich},
      year         = {2001},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012; Köln, Univ., Diss.,
                      2001},
      abstract     = {Plants produce and emit a large number of volatile organic
                      compounds (VOC) such as isoprene and monoterpenes
                      (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub>). Monoterpene emission rates
                      from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), a typical central
                      European conifer, were measured under ambient conditions
                      within the scope of this work. The studies focused on
                      diurnal and seasonal cycles of monoterpene emissions,
                      branch-to-branch and plant-to-plant variability of emission
                      rates, and on the transferability ofresults from laboratory
                      (studies of Dr. J. Wildt and coworkers) and outdoor
                      measurements.<br> Generally, no significant differences
                      between the results obtained under laboratory and ambient
                      environmental conditions were found. Under both laboratory
                      and ambient conditions, monoterpene emissions were found to
                      increase with needle temperature at a rate of 5 $\%$ to 16
                      $\%$ per Kelvin and fonowed under otherwise unchanged
                      conditions an Arrhenius type dependence on temperature. The
                      temperature dependence of emissions was without a clear
                      seasonal trend and without significant differences from
                      plant-to-plant. Only in the laboratory a dependence of
                      emission rates on photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was
                      found (increase of $20-30\%$ at a constant temperature,
                      saturation in the light dependence at about 15 $\%$ of fun
                      sunlight). Under outdoor conditions, a PAR dependence was
                      not detected.<br> Seasonal variations of a single branch and
                      branch-to-branch variations in the spectrum of emitted
                      monoterpenes were small, but different individual Scots
                      pines emitted a completely different spectrum of
                      monoterpenes. The temperature normalized standard emission
                      rates were found to be highly variable. Values for the sum
                      of monoterpenes ranged between 0.06 and 0.65 $\&micro;g$
                      g(dW)<sup>-l</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> (microgram monoterpenes per
                      gram dry weight of needles and hour) for young pines and
                      between 0.24 and 3.7 $\&micro;g$
                      g(dW)<sup>-l</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> for the adult pine. The
                      variations of the standard emission rates from the same
                      plant at different times of the year were on the same order
                      of magnitude as the plant-to-plant variability. Stress to
                      the plant was a possible explanation for these variations,
                      but this effect could not be described quantitatively.
                      ßased on the results a monoterpene flux was calculated for
                      a forest in Southern Germany (Hartheimer Wald, near
                      Freiburg), ranging between 54-941 ng
                      m<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-l</sup> at T = 30°C.<br> Future
                      laboratory studies should focus on stress effects and their
                      impact on VOC emissions. The effect of stress on VOC
                      emission rates must be quantified and included in the
                      existing models for better predictions of emission rates and
                      fluxes.},
      cin          = {ICG-II},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB48},
      pnm          = {Troposphärische Chemie},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK74},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/13467},
}