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@TECHREPORT{Gravenhorst:136080,
author = {Gravenhorst, G. and Ehhalt, D. H. and Böttger, A.},
title = {{A}tmosphärische {K}reisläufe von {S}tickoxiden und
{A}mmoniak},
volume = {1558},
number = {Juel-1558},
address = {Jülich},
publisher = {Kernforschungsanlage Jülich, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
reportid = {PreJuSER-136080, Juel-1558},
series = {Berichte der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich},
pages = {95,[60] p},
year = {1978},
note = {Record converted from JUWEL: 18.07.2013},
abstract = {The atmospheric cycles of nitrogenous trace compounds for
the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are discussed . Source
strengths and destruction rates for the nitrogen oxides: NO,
NO$_{2}$ and HNO$_{3}$ (NO$_{x}$), and ammonia (NH$_{3}$)
are given as a function of latitude over continents and
oceans. The global amounts of NO$_{x}$-N and NH$_{3}$-N
produced annually in the period 1950-1975 (34 $\pm$ 5 x
10$^{12}$ g NO$_{x}$-N/yr and 29 $\pm$ 6 x 10$^{12}$ g
NH$_{3}$-N/yr) are much less than previously assumed .
Globally, natural and anthropogenic emissions are of similar
magnitude. The NO$_{x}$ emission from anthropogenic sources
is 1.5 times that from natural processes in the Northern
Hemisphere whereas in the Southern Hemisphere it is a factor
of 3 or 4 less. More than 80\% of atmospheric ammonia seems
to be derived from excrements of domestic animals, mainly
cattle. Atmospheric NO$_{x}$ and NH$_{3}$ are removed from
the atmosphere mostly by bulk deposition : 24 $\pm$ 9 x
10$^{12}$ g N0$^{-}_{3}$-N/yr and 21 $\pm$ 9 x 10$^{12}$ g
NH$^{+}_{4}$-N/yr. Another fraction may be removed by
absorption on vegetation and bare soils and, in the case of
ammonia, by oxidation within the atmosphere.},
cin = {ICG-2},
ddc = {540},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)29},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136080},
}