000136185 001__ 136185
000136185 005__ 20240712100919.0
000136185 0247_ $$2sirsi$$a(Sirsi) a206875
000136185 0247_ $$2ISBN$$a978-3-89336-603-3
000136185 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1866-1793
000136185 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/3696
000136185 020__ $$a978-3-89336-603-3
000136185 037__ $$aPreJuSER-136185
000136185 041__ $$aEnglish
000136185 082__ $$a500
000136185 082__ $$a333.7
000136185 082__ $$a620
000136185 084_0 $$aUMV - Climatic change
000136185 084_1 $$aUMV - Klimatische Auswirkungen
000136185 084_1 $$aFZJ - Schriftenreihen des Forschungszentrums Jülich
000136185 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129134$$aKunz, Anne$$b0$$eCorresponding author$$gmale$$ufzj
000136185 245__ $$aObservation- and model-based study of the extratropical UT/LS
000136185 260__ $$aJülich$$bForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag$$c2010
000136185 300__ $$aXII, 120, XII S.
000136185 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)3$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aBook$$mbook
000136185 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$abook
000136185 3367_ $$01$$2EndNote$$aBook
000136185 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Book
000136185 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aBOOK
000136185 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aBOOK
000136185 4900_ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2445288-9$$aSchriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Energie und Umwelt / Energy und Environment$$v54
000136185 502__ $$aUniv. Wuppertal, Diss., 2009$$cUniversität Wuppertal$$d2009
000136185 500__ $$aRecord converted from JUWEL: 18.07.2013
000136185 520__ $$aCoupling between processes of different nature, as radiation, dynamics and chemistry, in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) makes this region highly sensitive to climate change. This thesis addresses the climatological representativeness of trace gases measured in–situ within the UT/LS as well as their temporal variability. Possible atmospheric processes which may contribute to the maintenance of tropopause related structures in the extratropics are discussed. These studies are based on the closely linked use of experimental data, statistical analyzes and atmospheric models. In the first part of this thesis, a statistical analysis is presented for the comparability of water vapor (H$_{2}$O) and ozone (O$_{3}$) data sets sampled during the SPURT aircraft campaigns and the MOZAIC passenger aircraft flights. A different variability character in both trace gas data sets is evident by a variance analysis. While the SPURT H$_{2}$O data can only resolve atmospheric processes variable on a diurnal or synoptic time scale, MOZAIC H$_{2}$O data also resolve processes on an inter–seasonal and a seasonal time scale. The SPURT H$_{2}$O data set does not represent the full MOZAIC H$_{2}$O variance in the UT/LS for climatological investigations, whereas the variance of O$_{3}$ is much better represented. SPURT H$_{2}$O data are better suited in the stratosphere, where the MOZAIC relative humidity sensor loses its sensitivity. This is the first analysis which addresses the ability of measured trace gases to detect the atmospheric variability in the UT/LS. In the second part of the thesis, the relationship between the static stability N$^{2}$ within the tropopause inversion layer (TIL) in the extratropics and the atmospheric mixing in that region is investigated using the SPURT O$_{3}$ and CO observations. For this purpose N$^{2}$ is determined from ECMWF fields. A new measure of mixing degree based on O$_{3}$–CO tracer correlations is developed. It is found that high N$^{2}$ is related to an enhanced mixing degree in the extratropical mixing layer. A temporal variance analysis of N$^{2}$ at the particular SPURT measurement locations suggests that the processes responsible for the composition of the TIL occur on a seasonal time scale. The Reading radiative transfer model is used to simulate the influence of a change in O$_{3}$ and H$_{2}$O vertical gradients on the temperature gradient and thus on the static stability above the tropopause. Zonal and time mean ECMWF O$_{3}$ and H$_{2}$O profiles, which are used as reference mixed profiles, are perturbed to represent idealized non–mixed profiles in the atmosphere. The results of the simulations show that N$^{2}$ increases with enhanced mixing degree near the tropopause and a temperature inversion develops. In the idealized case of non–mixed profiles the TIL vanishes. H$_{2}$O plays the dominant role in maintaining the temperature inversion and the TIL structure compared to O$_{3}$. Here, the two different atmospheric features, i.e., the mixing layer and the TIL in the extratropics, are discussed together for the first time. In the last part of the thesis, the gradient of the potential vorticity with equivalent latitude is used to determine the core of the jet streams and its meridional boundaries on different middle world isentropes (300–380 K). The jet cores represent a physical boundary on the isentropes between the troposphere at lower latitudes and the stratosphere at higher latitudes. Thus, a PV gradient tropopause related to the isentropic gradient of the potential vorticity is proposed, which may represent the separation between the two atmospheric reservoirs troposphere and stratosphere in a more appropriate manner than the use of a particular value of PV. Dependent on season the zonal and time mean PV at this newly defined tropopause varies between 2.0 PVU–3.5 PVU and decreases from lower toward higher latitudes in the northern hemisphere. This decrease is sharper on the southern hemispheres compared to the northern hemisphere. The analysis indicates that as the dynamical tropopause the commonly used 2 PVU threshold is too low most of the time. With the help of tracer correlations and a new coordinate system, using equivalent latitude relative to the jet core, the isentropic distribution and transition of the static stability across the PV gradient tropopause is analyzed. This transition is more pronounced during winter than summer on each isentrope in the lowermost stratosphere, which is consistent with the transport barrier at the jet streams related to the sharpness of the tropopause.
000136185 650_4 $$atroposphere
000136185 650_4 $$astratosphere
000136185 650_4 $$aclimatic change
000136185 650_4 $$atrace analysis
000136185 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136185/files/Energie%26Umwelt_54.pdf$$yOpenAccess
000136185 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136185/files/Energie%26Umwelt_54.jpg?subformat=icon-1440$$xicon-1440$$yOpenAccess
000136185 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136185/files/Energie%26Umwelt_54.jpg?subformat=icon-180$$xicon-180$$yOpenAccess
000136185 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136185/files/Energie%26Umwelt_54.jpg?subformat=icon-640$$xicon-640$$yOpenAccess
000136185 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:136185$$pdnbdelivery$$pVDB$$pdriver$$popen_access$$popenaire
000136185 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0510$$2StatID$$aOpenAccess
000136185 9141_ $$y2013
000136185 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)129134$$aForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH$$b0$$kFZJ
000136185 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790$$kICG-1$$lStratosphäre$$x0
000136185 970__ $$a2128/3696
000136185 9801_ $$aFullTexts
000136185 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013
000136185 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED
000136185 980__ $$aJUWEL
000136185 980__ $$aConvertedRecord
000136185 980__ $$aVDB
000136185 980__ $$abook
000136185 980__ $$aFullTexts
000136185 981__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)ICE-4-20101013
000136185 981__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013