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@ARTICLE{Shah:136206,
      author       = {Shah, N. Jon and Jäncke, Lutz and Grosse-Ruyken,
                      Maria-Liisa and Müller-Gärtner, Hans-Wilhelm},
      title        = {{I}nfluence of acoustic masking noise in f{MRI} of the
                      auditory cortex during phonetic discrimination},
      journal      = {Journal of magnetic resonance imaging},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {1053-1807},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-136206},
      pages        = {19 - 25},
      note         = {Record converted from JUWEL: 18.07.2013},
      abstract     = {he application of functional magnetic resonance imaging
                      (fMRI) to study activation of auditory cortex suffers from
                      one significant confounding factor, namely, that of the
                      acoustic noise generated by the gradient system, which is an
                      integral part of the imaging process. Earlier work has shown
                      that it is indeed possible to distinguish cortical
                      activation resulting from presentation of auditory stimuli
                      despite the presence of background noise from the gradient
                      system. The influence of acoustic noise from the gradient
                      system of the MRI scanner on the blood oxygen
                      level-dependent (BOLD) response during functional activation
                      of the auditory cortex has been investigated in six healthy
                      subjects with no hearing difficulties. Experiments were
                      performed using gradient-echo echoplanar imaging (EPI) and a
                      verbal, auditory discrimination paradigm, presented in a
                      block-wise manner, in which carefully aligned
                      consonant-vowel syllables were presented at a rate of 1 Hz.
                      For each volunteer the experiment was repeated three times
                      with all parameters fixed, except slice number, which was 4,
                      16, or 64. The positioning of the central four slices in
                      each experiment was common. Thus, the fraction of TR during
                      which the stimulus is on but no imaging is being performed,
                      varies from almost zero, in the case of 64 slices, to over 8
                      seconds, in the case of four slices. Only the central four
                      slices were of interest; additional slices simply generated
                      acoustic noise and were discarded. During the four-slice
                      experiment, all subjects showed a robust BOLD response in
                      the superior temporal gyrus covering the primary and
                      secondary auditory cortex. The spatial extent and the
                      z-scores of the activated regions decreased with longer
                      duration of gradient noise from the scanner. For a phonetic
                      discrimination task, the results indicate that presentation
                      of the stimulus during periods free from scanner noise leads
                      to a more pronounced BOLD response.},
      keywords     = {cerebral blood flow / auditory cortex / acoustic noise /
                      gradient noise / functional magnetic resonance imaging},
      cin          = {INM-4},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000080144300003},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136206},
}