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@ARTICLE{Heiss:13705,
      author       = {Heiss, A. and Pipich, V. and Jahnen-Dechent, W. and
                      Schwahn, D.},
      title        = {{F}etuin-{A} is a mineral carrier protein: {S}mall angle
                      neutron scattering provides new insight on {F}etuin-{A}
                      controlled calcification inhibition},
      journal      = {Biophysical journal},
      volume       = {99},
      issn         = {0006-3495},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Rockefeller Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-13705},
      pages        = {3986 - 3995},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {This study was supported by the German Research Foundation
                      (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) within the priority
                      program "Principles of Biomineralization. A. Heiss thanks
                      Prof. J. Mayer (GFE, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische
                      Hochschule, Aachen University) for supporting the project.},
      abstract     = {Clinical studies and animal experiments have shown that the
                      serum protein fetuin-A is a highly effective inhibitor
                      of soft tissue calcification. This inhibition mechanism was
                      elucidated on the basis of an in vitro fetuin-A-mineral
                      model system. In a previous study, we found that in a
                      two-stage process ∼100-nm sized calciprotein particles
                      (CPPs) were formed whose final stage was stabilized by a
                      compact outer fetuin-A monolayer against further growth.
                      Quantitative small-angle neutron scattering data analysis
                      revealed that even at a fetuin-A concentration close to the
                      stability limit, only approximately one-half of the mineral
                      ions and only $5\%$ of the fetuin-A were contained in the
                      CPPs. To uncover the interplay of the remaining
                      supersaturated mineral ion fraction and of the $95\%$
                      non-CPP fetuin-A, we explored the fetuin-A monomer fraction
                      in solution by contrast variation small-angle neutron
                      scattering. Our results suggest that the mineral ions
                      coalesce to subnanometer-sized clusters, reminiscent of
                      Posner clusters, which are stabilized by fetuin-A monomers.
                      Hence, our experiments revealed a second mechanism of
                      long-term mineral ion stabilization by the fetuin-A that is
                      complementary to the formation of CPPs.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Calcification, Physiologic / Calcium: metabolism
                      / Calcium Phosphates: metabolism / Carrier Proteins:
                      metabolism / Cattle / Colloids / Minerals: metabolism /
                      Neutron Diffraction / Protein Binding / Scattering, Small
                      Angle / Time Factors / Ultrafiltration / alpha-Fetoproteins:
                      metabolism / Calcium Phosphates (NLM Chemicals) / Carrier
                      Proteins (NLM Chemicals) / Colloids (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Minerals (NLM Chemicals) / alpha-Fetoproteins (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Calcium (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IFF-5 / IFF-4 / Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (JCNS) ; JCNS},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB785 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB784 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-20121112},
      pnm          = {Großgeräte für die Forschung mit Photonen, Neutronen und
                      Ionen (PNI) / BioSoft: Makromolekulare Systeme und
                      biologische Informationsverarbeitung},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK415 / G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK505},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS2-20140101},
      shelfmark    = {Biophysics},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21156141},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC3000477},
      UT           = {WOS:000285438900022},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.030},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/13705},
}