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000137299 037__ $$aFZJ-2013-03754
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000137299 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWarusawithana, M. P.$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000137299 245__ $$aLaAlO3 stoichiometry is key to electron liquid formation at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
000137299 260__ $$aLondon$$bNature Publishing Group$$c2013
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000137299 520__ $$aEmergent phenomena, including superconductivity and magnetism, found in the two-dimensional electron liquid (2-DEL) at the interface between the insulators lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) distinguish this rich system from conventional 2D electron gases at compound semiconductor interfaces. The origin of this 2-DEL, however, is highly debated, with focus on the role of defects in the SrTiO3, while the LaAlO3 has been assumed perfect. Here we demonstrate, through experiments and first-principle calculations, that the cation stoichiometry of the nominal LaAlO3 layer is key to 2-DEL formation: only Al-rich LaAlO3 results in a 2-DEL. Although extrinsic defects, including oxygen deficiency, are known to render LaAlO3/SrTiO3 samples conducting, our results show that in the absence of such extrinsic defects an interface 2-DEL can form. Its origin is consistent with an intrinsic electronic reconstruction occurring to counteract a polarization catastrophe. This work provides insight for identifying other interfaces where emergent behaviours await discovery.
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000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRichter, C.$$b1
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMundy, J. A.$$b2
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRoy, P.$$b3
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLudwig, J.$$b4
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPaetel, S.$$b5
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHeeg, T.$$b6
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPawlicki, A. A.$$b7
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKourkoutis, L. F.$$b8
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZheng, M.$$b9
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLee, M.$$b10
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMulcahy, B.$$b11
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)128648$$aZander, Willi$$b12$$ufzj
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZhu, Y.$$b13
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)128631$$aSchubert, Jürgen$$b14$$ufzj
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aEckstein, J. N.$$b15
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMuller, D. A.$$b16
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHellberg, C. Stephen$$b17
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMannhart, J.$$b18
000137299 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchlom, D. G.$$b19
000137299 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2553671-0$$a10.1038/ncomms3351$$gVol. 4$$p9$$tNature Communications$$v4$$x2041-1723
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