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@ARTICLE{Warusawithana:137299,
      author       = {Warusawithana, M. P. and Richter, C. and Mundy, J. A. and
                      Roy, P. and Ludwig, J. and Paetel, S. and Heeg, T. and
                      Pawlicki, A. A. and Kourkoutis, L. F. and Zheng, M. and Lee,
                      M. and Mulcahy, B. and Zander, Willi and Zhu, Y. and
                      Schubert, Jürgen and Eckstein, J. N. and Muller, D. A. and
                      Hellberg, C. Stephen and Mannhart, J. and Schlom, D. G.},
      title        = {{L}a{A}l{O}3 stoichiometry is key to electron liquid
                      formation at {L}a{A}l{O}3/{S}r{T}i{O}3 interfaces},
      journal      = {Nature Communications},
      volume       = {4},
      issn         = {2041-1723},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-03754},
      pages        = {9},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {Emergent phenomena, including superconductivity and
                      magnetism, found in the two-dimensional electron liquid
                      (2-DEL) at the interface between the insulators lanthanum
                      aluminate (LaAlO3) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3)
                      distinguish this rich system from conventional 2D electron
                      gases at compound semiconductor interfaces. The origin of
                      this 2-DEL, however, is highly debated, with focus on the
                      role of defects in the SrTiO3, while the LaAlO3 has been
                      assumed perfect. Here we demonstrate, through experiments
                      and first-principle calculations, that the cation
                      stoichiometry of the nominal LaAlO3 layer is key to 2-DEL
                      formation: only Al-rich LaAlO3 results in a 2-DEL. Although
                      extrinsic defects, including oxygen deficiency, are known to
                      render LaAlO3/SrTiO3 samples conducting, our results show
                      that in the absence of such extrinsic defects an interface
                      2-DEL can form. Its origin is consistent with an intrinsic
                      electronic reconstruction occurring to counteract a
                      polarization catastrophe. This work provides insight for
                      identifying other interfaces where emergent behaviours await
                      discovery.},
      cin          = {PGI-9 / JARA-FIT},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-9-20110106 / $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$},
      pnm          = {421 - Frontiers of charge based Electronics (POF2-421)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-421},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000323753200012},
      pubmed       = {pmid:23965846},
      doi          = {10.1038/ncomms3351},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/137299},
}